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1. What is the basis for my Assessment?

In order for an assessment to be deemed excessive or discriminatory, a taxpayer must prove that an assessment does not fairly represent one of two standards:

1. Following a revaluation, all assessments must represent 100% of true market value as of the previous October 1. The October 1 pre-tax date is called the annual "assessment date". All evidence submitted in a tax appeal must precede the assessment date, especially property sales used as comparables.
2. The other stand is the "common level" or common level range established in your municipality. To explain the common level rang you must consider what happens following a revaluation. Once a revaluation is completed, external factors such as inflation, appreciation and depreciation cause values to increase or decrease at varying rates. Other factors such as physical deterioration may contribute to changes in property values. Obviously, if assessments are not adjusted annually, a deviation from 100% of true market value will occur.

The State Division of Taxation annually conducts a fiscal year sales survey, investigating most property transfers that occur in your community with your local assessor assisting. Every sale is compared individually to every assessment to determine an average level of assessment in a municipality. An average ratio is developed from all property sales to represent the assessment level in your community. In any year, except the year a revaluation is implemented, the common level of assessment is the average ratio of the district in which your property is situated, and is used by the Tax Board to determine the fairness of your assessment.

2. How do I know if my Assessment is fair?

The New Jersey Legislature adopted a formula known as Chapter 123 in 1973 to test the fairness of an assessment. Once the Tax Board has determined the true market value of a property during an appeal, they are required to automatically compare the true market value to the assessment. If the ratio of the assessment to the true value exceeds the average ratio by 15%, then the assessment is automatically reduced to the common level. However, if the assessment falls within this common level range, no adjustment will be made. If the assessment to true value ratio falls below the common level, the Tax Board is obligated to increase the assessment to the common level. This test assumes that the taxpayer will supply sufficient evidence to the Tax board so that they may determine the true market value of the property subject to the appeal. You should inquire into your district's average ratio before filing a tax appeal. This ratio changes annually on October 1, for use in the subsequent tax year.

Example

Director's Ratio = 85%

Common Level Range = 72.25% to 97.75%

True Value = $95,000

Assessment = $90,000

Ratio = 94.74% ($90,000 ÷ $95,000)

Judgment = No Change

3. How do I file a Tax Appeal?

View and download the Petition for Appeal form (PDF)

In order to file a tax appeal, you must file the A-1 Petition of Appeal form with the Hunterdon County Board of Taxation, by the statutory deadline. The instructions are included with the appeal form, as well as the filing fee requirements. The statutory filing deadline is April 1st, or forty-five days from the mailing of the notice of assessment, for most municipalities. Only municipalities which have undergone a district-wide revaluation or reassessment have a May 1st filing deadline. If you are unable to download the petition of appeal form, using the link above, you may contact our office at 908-788-1174 to have a form mailed to you.

4. What is a Tax Appeal Hearing and who will hear my Appeal?

Once you have filed your tax appeal, a hearing before the County Board of Taxation is scheduled. The County Tax Board consists of five members appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the State Senate. The Tax Board Commissioners are appointed primarily to hear disputes involving assessments. Tax appeal hearings are conducted through the months of May and June. The hearings are typically scheduled during the daytime. The municipality is the opposing party and will be represented by the municipal attorney. The assessor or an appraiser may appear at your hearing as an expert witness.

View and download the Petition for Appeal form (PDF)

5. Is a Tax Appeal Hearing always necessary?

A hearing is always necessary. If the assessor, municipal attorney, and taxpayer agree to a settlement or the issues are otherwise resolved, it may not be necessary for you to attend your hearing, particularly if a settlement stipulation form is submitted to the Tax Board for their approval.

6. When are Tax Appeal Hearings held?

Tax appeal hearings are generally held after the April 1 annual deadline. Adjournments are generally denied. It is suggested that you make every attempt to attend your hearing. If you miss your hearing and have not received a written notice postponing your case, then you may assume that the case has been dismissed. If you do not attend your hearing the case will be dismissed, for "lack of prosecution".

7. What is good evidence to convince the Tax Board to reconsider an assessment?

You cannot appeal the taxes on your property since the taxes are the result of the local budget process. You must pay the collector all taxes and municipal charges up to and including the first quarter of the tax year. Remember, the burden is on you, the appellant, to prove that your assessment is unreasonable, excessive, or discriminatory. It is necessary for you to prove at the onset that your assessment is in error. It is also necessary for you to suggest a more appropriate value.

The taxpayer must be persuasive and present credible evidence. Credible evidence is evidence supported by fact, not assumptions or beliefs. Photographs of both the subject property (the property subject to the appeal) and comparables are useful in illustrating your argument. Factual evidence concerning special circumstances is necessary. For example, if the property cannot be further developed for some reason, evidence to that effect must be provided.

The most credible evidence is recent comparable sales of other properties of a similar type in your neighborhood. Remember, if you are going to discuss comparable sales a listing of 3 to 5 sales must be attached to your appeal at the time of filing. Your assessor must receive copies of your comparables at least 7 days in advance of your hearing in order for them to be discussed. All sales of all properties are available for your review at the County Tax Board. Comparable means that most of the characteristics of your property and the neighboring sale are similar. You should be knowledgeable of the conditions of the sales you cite including financing, and be able to give a full description of the properties. Some of the characteristics that would make a property comparable are recent sales price (preceding October 1 pre-tax year), similar square footage of living area measured from the exterior, similar lot size or acreage, proximity to your property, the same zoning use (e.g. duplex in a duplex zone) and similar and style structure.

8. If I recently bought my property, how is this purchase considered?

An assessment is an opinion of value. Uniformity of treatment dictates that adjustments not be made simply due to a recent sales price. For various other reasons the subject's sales price may not necessarily be either conclusive evidence of the property's true market value, or binding upon the Tax Board. An examination of the circumstances surrounding a sale is always important.

9. Will the appeal be private?

No. All meetings of the Board of Taxation are public meetings.

10. Are there special rules for commercial properties?

Yes. Owners of rental income properties must supply an income statement at the time of filing on special forms provided by the Tax Board. Since the income generated by a property has a direct bearing on the owners ability to market the property, and therefore its value, this evidence may be useful on arguing both sides of an appeal.

11. Who is an expert witness?

Besides your municipal assessor, anyone whose occupation is a real estate appraiser, and whose designation as such is from a legitimate association of professionals, is considered an expert. An expert's qualifications may be challenged by the municipal attorney at the hearing.

In addition, if you intend to rely on expert testimony at your hearing, you must supply one copy of an appraisal report to the assessor, and one copy for every member of the County Tax Board and Tax Administrator at least 7 days in advance of the scheduled hearing. The appraiser who completed the report must be available at the hearing to give testimony and to afford the municipality an opportunity to cross-examine the witness.

12. May I further appeal the judgment of the Tax Board if I am still dissatisfied?

If you are dissatisfied with the judgment rendered by the Tax Board, you will have 45 days from the date your judgment was mailed to file a further appeal with the Tax Court of New Jersey. If your property is assessed for more than $1,000,000 you may file directly with the Tax Court, by April 1st annually.

In summary, a taxpayer filing an appeal should consider the following questions:

• What was the market value of my property on the preceding assessment date of October 1?
• Can I support my conclusion of market value with credible evidence?
• Is my property assessed in excess of its market value if a reassessment/revaluation was implemented in the current tax year? If a revaluation/reassessment was not implemented, does my assessment exceed market value or does the ratio of my property assessment to its market value exceed the upper limit of the common level range?