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Babesiosis

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1. What is Babesiosis?

Babesiosis in humans is a rare, potentially fatal disease that is transmitted by the bite of an infected tick. Babesiosis is a common infection in animals.

• Babesiosis [bab-EE-see-OH-sis] is a rare parasitic disease that is transmitted to people by infected ticks.
• Babesiosis occurs mainly in coastal areas in the northeastern United States, especially the offshore islands of New York and Massachusetts.
• Elderly persons and people with weakened immune systems can get severe complications from Babesiosis.
• No vaccine against Babesiosis is available. To prevent Babesiosis, avoid exposure to ticks and remove attached ticks right away.

2. What is the infectious agent that causes Babesiosis?

Babesiosis is caused by the Babesia parasite.

3. Where is Babesiosis found?

Babesiosis occurs mainly in coastal areas in the northeastern United States, especially the offshore islands of New York and Massachusetts. Cases have also been reported in Wisconsin, California, Georgia, and in some European countries.

4. How do people get Babesiosis?

Babesiosis is most commonly spread to people by the bite of a tick infected with the Babesia parasite. Babesiosis is spread by deer ticks, which are carried mainly by deer, meadow moles and mice. Deer ticks also spread Lyme disease. People can be infected with both Babesiosis and Lyme disease at the same time. People can also get Babesiosis from a contaminated blood transfusion.

5. What are the signs and symptoms of Babesiosis?

The parasite attacks the red blood cells. Symptoms, if any, begin with tiredness, loss of appetite, and a general ill feeling. As the infection progresses, these symptoms are followed by fever, drenching sweats, muscle aches, and headache. The symptoms can last from several days to several months.

6. How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?

It can take from 1 to 12 months for the first symptoms to appear, but less time for persons with weakened immune systems.

7. How is Babesiosis diagnosed?

Laboratory diagnosis is based on identifying the parasite in red blood cells.

8. Who is at risk for Babesiosis?

Anyone can get Babesiosis, but some people are at increased risk for severe disease:

• Elderly persons
• Persons with weakened immune systems
• Persons whose spleens have been removed

9. What complications can result from Babesiosis?

Complications include very low blood pressure, liver problems, severe hemolytic anemia (a breakdown of red blood cells) and kidney failure. Complications and death are most common in persons whose spleens have been removed. Other people usually have a milder illness and often get better on their own.

10. What is the treatment for Babesiosis?

A combination of anti-parasite medicines can be effective in treating Babesiosis.

11. How common is Babesiosis?

It is not known how common Babesiosis is in the United States. Most people have no symptoms, and those who do are usually older persons and people who are already sick with other conditions. Most causes occur during spring, summer, and fall.

12. Is Babesiosis an emerging infectious disease?

Yes. The first case was reported from Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, in 1969. Since then, Babesiosis has emerged as a health threat in the United States, with increasing reports of Babesiosis symptoms and some deaths in areas where the risk of infection was not previously recognized.

13. How can Babesiosis be treated?

No vaccine is available to protect humans against Babesiosis. You can reduce your risk by taking these precautions against tick bites.

• During outside activities, wear long sleeves and long pants tucked into socks. Wear a hat and tie your hair back.
• Use insecticides to repel or kill ticks. Repellents containing the compound DEET can be used on exposed skin except for the face, but they do not kill ticks and are not 100% effective in preventing tick bites. Products containing Permethrin kill ticks, but they cannot be used on the skin - only on clothing. When using any of these chemicals, follow label directions carefully. Be especially cautious when using them on children.
• After outdoor activities, check yourself for ticks, and have a "buddy" check you too. Check body areas where ticks are commonly found; behind the knees, between the fingers and toes, under the arms in and behind the ears, and on the neck, hairline, and top of the head. Check places where clothing presses on the skin.
• Remove attached ticks immediately. Removing a tick before it has been attached for more than 24 hours greater reduces the risk of infection. Use tweezers and grab as close to the skin as possible. Do not try to remove ticks by squeezing them, coating them with petroleum jelly, or burning them with a match.

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Clean Communities Litter Problem

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1. What is litter?

Litter is solid waste that is out of place. It's the kind of trash found on highways, lakefronts, parks, and school grounds. Litter takes many forms: paper, plastics, metal cans, cigarette butts, glass, food packaging, tires and graffiti.

2. Where does litter come from?

There are at least seven sources of litter: pedestrians, motorists, overflowing household garbage, overflowing commercial containers, loading docks, construction sites and uncovered trucks. Litter is often blown by the wind until it is trapped somewhere or goes down a storm drain.

3. Why do people litter?

People tend to litter when they think someone else will clean up, when an area is already littered, and when they do not feel a sense of ownership or community pride.

4. Why is litter a problem?

Even small amounts of litter are unsightly, unhealthy and dangerous. Litter causes blighted landscapes resulting in an increase in taxes and a decrease in tourism and industry; loss of civic pride and morale; and a negative public image. Litter can also cause accidents, especially on roadways, fires and disease in people and animals.

5. How are we solving the problem?

Through partnerships with local governments, residents, schools, civic associations and non-profit organizations volunteers are enlisted to help with cleanup efforts and events. At these cleanup events we offer education to volunteers while they pick up litter so they become environmental stewards. With education, acts of littering can be changed!

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County Prosecutor - Public Information & OPRA

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1. What is the Open Public Records Act or “OPRA”?

On January 8, 2002, a new law was approved by the Legislature and signed into law by the Acting Governor which makes significant changes in the law governing public records. This law, P.L. 2001, c.404, more commonly known as the Open Public Records Act or "OPRA," declares government records to be made public unless they fall within certain exceptions.

2. What is a Public Record?

The term "public records" generally includes those government records determined to be available for inspection by public under NJSA 47:1A-1, which is part of OPRA.

Under that statutory section, a "government record" is defined as a physical record that has been generated, maintained, or received by a public agency in the course of its official business. The term does not include:

• Criminal investigatory records (e.g., police reports regarding a crime)
• Victim's records
• Employee pension or personnel records
• Domestic violence complaint records
• Internal affairs records
• Information regarding labor-management negotiations including statements of strategy or negotiating position
• Emergency or security information or procedures for buildings or facilities
• Administrative or technical information regarding computer hardware, software and -networks which, if disclosed, would jeopardize computer security
• Inter-agency or intra-agency advisory, consultative, or deliberative material

3. What is the Process for Obtaining Public Records under OPRA?

A request for access to or for a copy of a government record can be submitted on the Government Records Request Form which has been adopted by the Hunterdon County Prosecutor's Office. Request forms can be picked up in person at the Hunterdon County Prosecutor's Office or downloaded the Government Records Request Form (PDF).

Once fully completed, the request form can be mailed, sent electronically via fax: 908-806-4618 or email to the Prosecutor's Office, or presented in person to the Hunterdon County Prosecutor's Office. If you have any questions prior to filling out your request form, you should contact the Hunterdon County Prosecutor's Office for assistance.

Where a legal determination must be made as to whether government records are "public records" as provided by law, the request will be reviewed by the Hunterdon County Prosecutor's Office. You will be provided with a response with that information within seven business days of your request.

The seven business day time frame starts the day after your request has been received by the Hunterdon County Prosecutor's Office at the address listed on the request form.

Records which are not readily available, in storage, or which will require a search of records, will be made available as soon as possible, and the requestor will be provided with response within seven business days of making the request indicating the time which will be required to provide the records.

4. What are the Fees for Obtaining Public Records?

There is usually no fee involved for simply inspecting or viewing a document during normal business hours. A copy or copies of a government record may be purchased by any person upon payment of the fee prescribed by law or regulation.

The fee assessed for the duplication of a government record in the form of printed matter has been established as follows: $0.05 per letter size page, and $0.07 per legal size page or larger.

When the actual cost of duplicating a government record exceeds the foregoing rate, then upon demonstration by the public agency of the actual cost of copying, the public agency shall be permitted to charge that cost.

A 50% deposit is required for requests resulting copy costs exceeding $25.

If the nature, format, manner of collation, or volume of printing government record to be copied is such that the record cannot be reproduced by ordinary document copying equipment, or involves an extraordinary expenditure of time and effort to accommodate the request, the public agency may charge, in addition to the actual cost of duplicating the record, a special service charge that shall be reasonable and shall be based upon the actual direct cost of providing the copy. The requestor will be notified in advance of the special service charge and may object to the charge prior to it being incurred (NJSA 47:1A-5c). The fee established by the Hunterdon County Prosecutor's Office for requested information which meets this criteria is a minimum of $12.50 per hour and may be adjusted accordingly.

5. Can I Appeal a Denial of my Request for Public Records under OPRA?

Yes, any person who is denied access to a government record may, at their option, institute a process to appeal that determination before either the Government Records Council or the New Jersey Superior Court:

Government Records Council (GRC)

Contact the GRC via email or by phone at: 866-850-051, or review the GRC website for information and to register your complaint. The GRC may be able to help resolve the problem over the phone. If not, you can receive a complaint form through the mail or from the website. When you file the written complaint, the GRC will offer you and the public agency non-adversarial, impartial mediation. If mediation is not agreed to, or fails, the GRC will investigate the complaint. The investigation may result in findings or a formal decision by the GRC, which may include a hearing by the Council. In some cases, the Council can award attorney fees or fine a records custodian for failing to provide records. Details of this process are available from the GRC. There is no fee to file with the GRC.

New Jersey Superior Court

Rather than proceed before the GRC, a person may start a summary (expedited) lawsuit in the Superior Court appealing a denial of access to government records. A written complaint and order to show cause must be filed with the court. The court requires a $200 filing fee, and you must serve the lawsuit papers on the appropriate public officials. The court will schedule a hearing and resolve the dispute. If you disagree with the court's decision, you may appeal the decision to the Appellate Division of Superior Court. If you are successful, you may be entitled to reasonable attorney fees.

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Cultural & Heritage

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1. When will it be warm outside?

Spring time 

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Division of Senior, Disability & Veterans' Services

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1. What does it cost to take classes at the Senior Center?

All classes at the present time are free of charge, from funding under the Older Americans Act

2. How do I register for fitness classes?

You will need to fill out the following: Health and Fitness Registration form; Waiver of Liability form; Senior Membership Form (If you are new to the senior center)

3. Do I need a medical clearance form for exercise?

Medical clearance is not mot mandatory except for the following classes “evidenced-based” State classes: Beginner and Advanced Healthy Bones; Move Today; Getting Stronger

It is also strongly advised if you have had surgery and are coming back to fitness, that you get a medical clearance form or consult with your doctor first.

4. Do you need to have prior knowledge of an activity to join in?

It depends on the activity you want to participate in- some activities require prior knowledge or experience. and some groups welcome beginners. Please check our website for more details.

5. Are there any activities that are only for women or men?

There are no specific activities for only women or men, we encourage you to try out the activity you are interested in. 

6. What classes require a pre-requisite to get in?

Healthy Bones Advanced class – Pre-requisite: Beginner Healthy Bones

Getting Stronger – Pre-requisite: Beginner Healthy Bones

Move Tomorrow – Pre-requisite: Move Today

7. Can I bring my relative, neighbor or friend to an activity?

We welcome all Seniors to our programs and activities. They must reside in Hunterdon County, then fill out the required membership form with proof of residency.

8. Are there instructors for all classes?

At the current time we do not have instructors for all our classes, however, it is possible we will offer instruction for beginners in the future.

9. I am turning 65; what do I do to get Medicare?

Call SHIP (State Health Insurance Program) at 908-788-1361.

10. When can I change my health and drug plans?

Health and drug plans can be changed during Open Enrollment from October 15^th through December 7^th every year.

11. How do I get the Senior Farmer Market Vouchers?

Starting July 1st the Senior Farmer Market Vouchers are given out to low-income seniors, aged 60 and older and meeting the income guidelines for that year.

12. I want to enter the Senior Art Show; what age do I have to be?

The show is open to anyone 60 and over. Registration for the Art Show is usually in Spring. 

13. What basic information is required prior to applying for SSI or Social Security Disability?

Prior to starting the application process, the applicant must present a letter from their doctor indicating that the applicant “cannot work full-time for at least one full year, due to their disability.”   A DSS Med 1 form for 1 year will also suffice.

14. Is priority given to some applicants for SSI or Social Security Disability?

Yes, applicants who are receiving services from the County Division of Social Services are given priority.  People who are not receiving services from the Division of Social Services can be put on a waiting list.  They will also be referred directly to Social Security if they require assistance immediately. 

15. What are the direct toll-free numbers for local Social Security Offices?

The Trenton Office in New Jersey can be reached at 866-964-0026.  

The Easton Office in Pennsylvania number is 866-964-5056.

16. What is the Personal Assistance Services Program (PASP)?

It is a program for qualified people with permanent physical disabilities that provides up to 40 hours per week for routine, non-medical personal care.

17. What is the purpose of the Personal Assistance Services Program?

To support individuals with physical disabilities so they can continue living in their communities.

18. Who is eligible for the Personal Assistance Services Program?

The requirements are

1. •    New Jersey resident
2. •    Diagnosis of a permanent physical disability which require help with activities of daily living
3. •    18 years of age or older
4. •    Are capable of self-directing and managing their program themselves
5. •    Live in the community
6. •    Are actively employed, attending school or volunteering
7. •    Not eligible for Medicaid

Please see the PASP webpage under Disabilities for more information. 

19. How do I find out if my family member or I would qualify for the Personal Assistance Service Program and how can I ask more questions?

Visit our Website https://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/aging/disable.htm. 

Or contact Helene Pappas, the Hunterdon County PASP Coordinator at (908) 788-1361 or email: hpappas@co.hunterdon.nj.us

20. What is the Mr. Fix-It program?

The Mr. Fix It Program is a volunteer-run program to perform jobs, which if neglected, would adversely affect the safety of the eligible senior or disabled resident. The goal is to help these residents remain safely in their own homes and communities.

21. How do you apply for Mr. Fix It services?

Call  the Mr. Fix-It coordinator at 908 788-1358 for more information and complete an intake form. 

22. I am a Veteran; where can I find resources?

You can get information from our Website https://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/aging/VeteransServices.html or contact the Veterans’ Services Officer, Rich Booth by calling 908-788-1361 or email rbooth@co.hunterdon.nj.us. 

23. As a Veteran, what kind of help can I get?

Here are a few examples: 

1. Service Connection Disability Compensation
2. Pension for Veterans and Surviving Spouses
3. Death and Burial Benefits
4. Education
5. Home Loan 

24. What kind of help can the Veterans’ Services Office provide?

The Veterans' Services Office can help with several things; a few are listed here

1.   Assisting Veterans applying for VA Healthcare
2.   Provide resources to assist veterans
3.   Provide Community Outreach for Veterans

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Ebola Preparedness

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1. Why are people Quarantined?

There is much discussion in the news regarding the use of Quarantine as a measure to protect the public’s health.  Quarantine is defined as the restriction of movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick. View the CDC Quarantine webpage. By definition, people placed in quarantine are not ill. If an individual does become ill while in quarantine, they are then provided medical treatment, as appropriate for the disease. Sometimes they can be treated at home, and sometimes they will require hospitalization, it depends on the disease.

2. Do public health authorities still use quarantine today?

In New Jersey, a licensed Health Officer has the authority to establish quarantine measures as necessary to control the spread of disease (NJAC 8:57-1.11).

Due to the availability of effective vaccines and antibiotic medication today, quarantine is a control measure that is not used as frequently as it was when vaccines and medications did not exist to control the spread of disease in a community. In certain circumstances, public health authorities will use the quarantine to protect the community's health. For example, between the years 2012-2014, the Hunterdon County Division of Public Health ordered for the quarantine of 14 residents due to measles exposure. The residents were not vaccinated against measles and were susceptible to a highly communicable disease. Since full vaccination against measles is not complete until age 5, the quarantined individuals could have spread illness to under-vaccinated children in the community. The quarantines were effective as there was zero disease transmission to the community.

3. What is the best way to help fight off any Virus?

Wash your hands.

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Farmland Preservation Programs Available

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1. What is an Agricultural Development Area?

Agricultural Development Areas (ADA) are land areas identified by the County Agriculture Development Board where agricultural operations are likely to continue in the future and therefore be eligible for the farmland preservation program. The delineation of ADAs is a State requirement to receive funding for the farmland preservation program. In Hunterdon County, the ADA criteria and map were based on a study of agriculture in the County prepared by the Middlesex-Somerset-Mercer Regional Study Council. Key components of the study were the mapping of productive agricultural operations and the location of prime and statewide important soils. Based upon the study, the CADB adopted criteria for the designation of ADAs and mapped them along physical boundaries or property lines. A copy of the ADA map is available from the CADB office.

2. What is an agricultural district?

An agricultural district is an area of farms that have either enrolled or have applied to the farmland preservation program and are located within 1 mile of each other. The minimum size of a district is 250 acres. The purpose of the districting is to encourage the preservation of a core area, or "critical mass", of farms, rather than isolated farms throughout the County.

3. What is a development easement?

A development easement is a property owner's legal right to develop a piece of land for non-agricultural purposes. If the development easement, or development "rights", are sold the land cannot be developed for any purpose other than what is specifically permitted by the easement restrictions.

4. How does a person apply to this program?

The Hunterdon County Agriculture Development Board (CADB) accepts applications on an annual basis pending the availability of State and County funds. The application period is typically open from January 1st of each year to the end of February.

5. Is this a County or State program?

It is a State program that requires municipal, County and State approvals, but the program is administered locally by the CADB. The initial selection of applications is made by the County and final approvals are sought from the municipality and the State.

6. How are the applications evaluated?

Applications are evaluated by both the CADB and the SADC using adopted easement purchase criteria. Both County and State criteria emphasize the quality of soils, the municipality's commitment to agriculture, and the proximity of the farm to other farms enrolled in the farmland preservation program. If the farm adjoins another preserved farm, there is no minimum farm size for an application, otherwise, the minimum size is 40 acres.

7. How long does the application process take?

Applicants will know if they have been selected by the CADB within 4 to 6 months from the date of the application. The farm is then appraised for its development easement value and final approval is granted by the municipality, County and State the following year. The entire process takes about 24 months.

8. How is a farm restricted after the development easement has been sold?

The deed of easement sets forth the specific restrictions on the farm. In general, the farm must either be actively farmed or regularly mowed so that it can be farmed at any given time. Non-agricultural uses are not permitted unless approved prior to the preservation of the farms.

9. Is the land still privately owned after the development easement is sold?

Yes. The land remains privately owned and can be sold to anyone after it is preserved subject to the easement restrictions. The land remains on the tax rolls and does not become open to the public at any time.

10. How much money is offered for the easement?

The value of the easement is the difference between the appraised "market" value of the farm and the value of the farm deed-restricted under this program. For example, if a farm is worth $8,000 per acre to a developer, and, based on comparable sales, the farm has been determined to be valued at $3,000 per acre after it is deed-restricted, the value of the development easement would be $5,000 per acre. The value is determined by the State Agriculture Development Committee (SADC) based upon two independent appraisal reports.

11. It is a competitive process?

Nearly 100 PDR applications are reviewed every year by the County. There is currently funding available for approximately 20 to 30% of the applications. Applications are ranked and the top-scoring applications are selected for approval. See "How are applications evaluated?"

12. How are the applications funded?

Applications are cost-shared by the State, County, and municipality. The State typically funds up to 70% of applications using monies from the recently passed Garden State Trust Fund. The local share is typically split by the County and the municipality equally using government bonds, dedicated taxes, and or other sources of funding.

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Flooding - Water Quality & Health Considerations - FAQs

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1. Is my well water safe to drink?

Well water, like water from public water companies, may become contaminated as a result of flooding. Hunterdon residents with questions about if their wells may have been affected and what disinfection procedures they should use should see the recommendations below. Also, depending on flood conditions, it might be necessary to check with the Hunterdon County Department of Health to determine what steps should be taken in specific geographic areas.

2. What about water from a public water company?

Recent flooding due to a hurricane may compromise or contaminate some water supplies, including the water coming from large public water companies. In these incidences, state and local officials usually monitor water quality very carefully to ensure that any potential contaminants are identified quickly and everyone is informed appropriately. In addition, water companies normally issue official advisories stating that consumers should boil or treat their water, use bottled water or other alternatives until water quality returns to a safe level.

If a public water company serves you, call your local water supplier to determine if the water is affected and if you need to boil or treat the water before using it for clean up and consumption.

3. What's the proper way to disinfect water so it's safe to drink?

The preferred method of treatment is boiling. Boiling water kills harmful bacteria and parasites. Bring water to a full ROLLING boil for at least 1 minute to kill most infectious organisms. If boiling water is not possible (power outages) potentially contaminated water may be treated with chlorine or iodine tablets. However, this treatment will not kill parasitic organisms. To disinfect with chlorine mix six drops (1/8 teaspoon) of unscented, ordinary household chlorine bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite) per gallon of water. Mix the solution thoroughly, and let stand for about thirty minutes. To disinfect using iodine put eight drops of 2% tincture of iodine in one quart of water. Allow the water to stand at least 30 minutes before it is used.

4. What infectious organisms might be present in contaminated water?

Disease transmission from contaminated water occurs principally by ingesting water. The major organisms of concern are parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and bacteria such as Shigella and E. coli. These organisms primarily affect the gastrointestinal system, causing diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting with or without fever. Most of these illnesses are not usually serious or life-threatening, except in the elderly or those immunocompromised.

If your hands have touched contaminated water, keep them away from your face. You shouldn't eat, smoke, or wipe your face until you have washed your hands in sanitary water. Disease organisms from contaminated water can enter your body orally.

5. What if I've already consumed potentially contaminated water?

Even if you consume potentially contaminated water from either a public water system or a private well before you were aware of the boil water advisory, the likelihood of becoming ill is very low. Anyone experiencing symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, with or without fever, should seek medical attention.

6. In what other activities should I avoid using potentially contaminated water?

Contaminated water should NOT be used for drinking, making prepared drinks, ice making, brushing teeth, washing food or preparing food, or for pets. Water may be added to foods that will undergo a rolling boil for at least 1 minute.

7. Is potentially contaminated water safe for washing dishes or clothes?

Yes, but try to use a dishwasher if possible, and run on dry cycle or final rinse that exceeds 113 degrees Fahrenheit for 20 minutes, or 122 degrees Fahrenheit for 5 minutes. If you have to wash dishes by hand, be sure to rinse dishes for a minute in dilute bleach (1 tablespoon per gallon of water). It is safe to wash clothes in potentially contaminated water.

8. Is potentially contaminated water safe for bathing and shaving?

It is not recommended that you shower, bathe or shave with potentially contaminated water as it could introduce the risk of swallowing the water. This is particularly a concern for children and disabled individuals who could accidentally ingest a quantity of water. Though the risk of illness is minimal, individuals who have recent surgical wounds, are immuno-suppressed, or suffering from chronic illness may want to consider using bottled or boiled water for cleansing

9. How should I wash my hands during a boil water advisory period?

During an emergency period, vigorously wash your hands with soap and boiled, treated, or bottled water. If you cannot boil the water, be sure the water you use comes from a safe alternative source. If possible, use a waterless hand sanitizer.

10. Do I need any vaccinations if I have been exposed to flood water?

There is not usually a need to give vaccines during flood-related events. In some cases (see below) a tetanus booster may be indicated.

Tetanus: Individuals exposed to flood waters with an open wound (not minor cuts and abrasions) who have not had a tetanus booster shot in 10 years should receive a tetanus booster. Mass vaccination of the general public and emergency responders is not recommended. Hepatitis A, typhoid, and cholera: Since these diseases are unlikely to be transmitted under these circumstances, vaccination against them is not indicated. Hepatitis A, typhoid, and cholera: Since these diseases are unlikely to be transmitted under these circumstances, vaccination against them is not indicated.

11. Is it safe for me to participate in the cleanup (basements, offices, etc.)?

It is recommended that individuals participating in the cleanup of contaminated water sites protect themselves with protective clothing, including boots and gloves that are waterproof, and guard against injury by sharp objects. View Basement flooding information.

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Growth Management Plan FAQs

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1. What is a County Growth Management Plan?

The County Growth Management Plan is a document prepared by the County Planning Board that identifies the major issues facing the County as well as current and future potential trends. These include transportation, land use, the environment, open space preservation and community design, among others. The County Growth Management Plan is regional in focus and provides information on where we are, where we are going, and where we could be.

2. How do County Growth Management Plans relate to local planning?

County Growth Management Plans provide a framework for regional planning policy with the hopes that concepts and tools will filter down for use at the local level. The County Planning Board will seek municipal endorsement of the County Growth Management Plan in hopes that municipalities will "buy-in" to the plan and make use of the tools and policies it contains.

3. How will the State Plan influence the new County Growth Management Plan?

The Hunterdon County Planning Board will prepare a plan unique to the needs of Hunterdon County, but will seek endorsement of this plan by the State Planning Commission. This means that the State Plan may generally influence the County Growth Management Plan, but all policies will be representative of the needs of Hunterdon County.

4. What is the Plan Endorsement process?

The plan endorsement was established by the New Jersey Office of State Planning and the State Planning Commission to review the planning documents of a county or municipality for consistency with the State Plan. Plan endorsement essentially means that the goals and policies advance the goals of the State Planning Act. Plan Endorsement in New Jersey also confers the benefits of priority for a number of State programs that include grant money and other forms of assistance.

5. How can I play a role in preparing the County Master Plan?

The best way to get involved in the planning process is to attend public meetings and committee meetings. Check the committee lists and meeting calendars and attend any of the meetings being held. You may also provide your written comments to the Board at any time.

6. What is the Smart Growth Planning Grant Program?

The Smart Growth Planning Grant Program is administered through the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs and has provided grants to municipalities and counties throughout New Jersey for State Plan implementation projects as well as projects deemed to promote "Smart Growth" principles. Many of the projects that have already been funded, including the Hunterdon County Smart Growth Grant, are aimed at producing plans that are consistent with the State Plan. The first budget appropriation of $3.0 million was made in FY 2000, with additional appropriations of $3.0 million in FY2001 and FY 2002.

7. What do you mean by Smart Growth?

Smart Growth is a term that describes growth patterns and locations that reflect sensible investment decisions and respect impacts at both the municipal and regional level. Generally speaking, Smart Growth does not promote sprawl, preserves open space and farmland, provides infrastructure and services to residents in an efficient manner, combats traffic and roadway tie-ups by maximizing mass transit availability and develops land in an efficient manner that protects community character. New Jersey's Smart Growth Initiative is carried out by the State Planning Commission and the Office of State Planning.

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Home - FAQs

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1. How do I pay my city water bill?

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2. How do I get a new trash can lid?

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3. How do I apply for a job with the City?

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4. My trash didn't get picked up, what should I do now?

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5. How do I get a garage sale permit?

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6. How can I see the agenda for an upcoming City Council or Board meeting?

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Hunterdon County Housing Rehabilitation Program - FAQs

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1. What happens once I am approved?

• Once your application is accepted, you have additional responsibilities working with program administration, including:
• Permit inspection of the property and identify work to be done.
• Meet with contractors and Hunterdon County Housing Rehabilitation staff to schedule work, sign agreements, etc.
• Permit Hunterdon County Housing Rehabilitation staff to inspect work as it occurs and participate with staff  and contractors during and after the work is done in signing approvals and close-out documents.

2. How will my improvements be funded

Funding assistance is provided in the form of a non-interest bearing and deferred payment loan to cover the cost of eligible rehabilitation. Repayment of the loan shall be secured by a lien on the property and does not have to be paid until the sale or transfer of the property. Only homes that have an appraised value exceeding the amount of any prior mortgages and an  additional lien for the cost of repairs will be considered for participation in this program.

3. What happens if I am deemed ineligible

Applicants will receive written notice of the disposition of their application.

If ineligible, the applicant may appeal by requesting an informal hearing in writing before a County-designated hearing officer who did not make or approve the eligibility decision. The hearing will be conducted in a manner whereby each party will have an opportunity to present their position in full.

The hearing officer will render a decision in writing within 15 calendar days of the scheduled hearing. The applicant will have the right to legal counsel at their own expense. If the applicant cannot afford an attorney, they may contact:

Hunterdon County Legal Services Corporation 
82 Park Avenue
Flemington, NJ 08822 
Phone: 908-782-7979

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Open Public Records Act (OPRA)

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1. What is the Open Public Records Act or “OPRA”?

On January 8, 2002, a new law was approved by the Legislature and signed into law by the Acting Governor which makes significant changes in the law governing public records. This law, P.L. 2001, c.404, more commonly known as the Open Public Records Act or "OPRA," declares government records to be made public unless they fall within certain exceptions.

2. What is a Public Record?

The term "public records" generally includes those government records determined to be available for inspection by public under NJSA 47:1A-1, which is part of OPRA.

Under that statutory section, a "government record" is defined as a physical record that has been generated, maintained, or received by a public agency in the course of its official business. The term does not include:

• Criminal investigatory records (e.g., police reports regarding a crime)
• Victim's records
• Employee pension or personnel records
• Domestic violence complaint records
• Internal affairs records
• Information regarding labor-management negotiations including statements of strategy or negotiating position
• Emergency or security information or procedures for buildings or facilities
• Administrative or technical information regarding computer hardware, software and -networks which, if disclosed, would jeopardize computer security
• Inter-agency or intra-agency advisory, consultative, or deliberative material

3. What is the Process for Obtaining Public Records under OPRA?

A request for access to or for a copy of a government record can be submitted on NextRequest Portal. Request forms can be picked up in person at the Hunterdon County Counsel's Office.

Where a legal determination must be made as to whether government records are "public records" as provided by law, the request will be reviewed by the Hunterdon County Counsel's Office. You will be provided with a response with that information within seven business days of your request.

The seven business day time frame starts the day after your request has been received. 

Records which are not readily available, in storage, or which will require a search of records, will be made available as soon as possible, and the requestor will be provided with response within seven business days of making the request indicating the time which will be required to provide the records.

4. What are the Fees for Obtaining Public Records?

There is usually no fee involved for simply inspecting or viewing a document during normal business hours. A copy or copies of a government record may be purchased by any person upon payment of the fee prescribed by law or regulation.

The fee assessed for the duplication of a government record in the form of printed matter has been established as follows: $0.05 per letter size page, and $0.07 per legal size page or larger.

When the actual cost of duplicating a government record exceeds the foregoing rate, then upon demonstration by the public agency of the actual cost of copying, the public agency shall be permitted to charge that cost.

A 50% deposit is required for requests resulting copy costs exceeding $25.

If the nature, format, manner of collation, or volume of printing government record to be copied is such that the record cannot be reproduced by ordinary document copying equipment, or involves an extraordinary expenditure of time and effort to accommodate the request, the public agency may charge, in addition to the actual cost of duplicating the record, a special service charge that shall be reasonable and shall be based upon the actual direct cost of providing the copy. The requestor will be notified in advance of the special service charge and may object to the charge prior to it being incurred (NJSA 47:1A-5c). 

5. Can I Appeal a Denial of my Request for Public Records under OPRA?

Yes, any person who is denied access to a government record may, at their option, institute a process to appeal that determination before either the Government Records Council or the New Jersey Superior Court:

Government Records Council (GRC)

Contact the GRC via email or by phone at: 866-850-051, or review the GRC website for information and to register your complaint. The GRC may be able to help resolve the problem over the phone. If not, you can receive a complaint form through the mail or from the website. When you file the written complaint, the GRC will offer you and the public agency non-adversarial, impartial mediation. If mediation is not agreed to, or fails, the GRC will investigate the complaint. The investigation may result in findings or a formal decision by the GRC, which may include a hearing by the Council. In some cases, the Council can award attorney fees or fine a records custodian for failing to provide records. Details of this process are available from the GRC. There is no fee to file with the GRC.

New Jersey Superior Court

Rather than proceed before the GRC, a person may start a summary (expedited) lawsuit in the Superior Court appealing a denial of access to government records. A written complaint and order to show cause must be filed with the court. The court requires a $200 filing fee, and you must serve the lawsuit papers on the appropriate public officials. The court will schedule a hearing and resolve the dispute. If you disagree with the court's decision, you may appeal the decision to the Appellate Division of Superior Court. If you are successful, you may be entitled to reasonable attorney fees.

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Plan Endorsement

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1. What Is Plan Endorsement?

Plan Endorsement is the official recognition by the New Jersey State Planning Commission that a local, county, regional, or state agency plan is consistent with the State Development and Redevelopment Plan (State Plan). In order to be endorsed, plans must be consistent the goals, policies and strategies of the State Plan, the State Plan Policy Map and applicable State statutes and regulations. Municipalities, counties, groups of municipalities and counties, and regional and state agencies with the authority to implement plans are eligible to apply for Plan Endorsement.

2. What Are the Benefits of Plan Endorsement?

State agencies will provide benefits in the form of technical assistance, state capital investments, priority for state grants and loans, and regulatory changes to facilitate the implementation of the endorsed plan.

Municipalities have good reason to obtain Plan Endorsement. If a municipal master plan is not endorsed by the State Planning Commission, the affordable housing regulations established by the Council on Affordable Housing (COAH) allow COAH to revoke the municipality's substantive certification (certification by COAH that the municipal housing plan meets the requirements of the State's affordable housing regulations). Substantive certification provides very important legal protections to municipal ordinances. These ordinances can be left vulnerable without taking the added step of receiving Plan Endorsement by the State Planning Commission.

3. How Do You Petition for Plan Endorsement?

After municipalities obtain Initial Plan Endorsement they become eligible for a limited set of benefits. Once a municipality has an endorsed plan, they can pursue Advanced Plan Endorsement in order to receive a more comprehensive set of benefits.

Initial Plan Endorsement requires the submission of the municipal master plan and sub-elements, as well as population and employment projections, zoning and land use maps, a natural resource inventory, a farmland preservation plan and other relevant planning documents itemized in the 2004 Plan Endorsement Guidelines. Additionally, the municipality must submit a Planning and Implementation Agreement (PIA). The PIA identifies the means and the schedule for achieving the goals of the endorsed plan.

Prior to initiating Plan Endorsement, municipalities can request a pre-petition meeting with the Office of Smart Growth and representatives of state agencies such as the Department of Environmental Protection, Department of Transportation, Department of Agriculture and the Council on Affordable Housing. At that time state representatives will explain the process of Plan Endorsement, including the requisite planning documents that must be submitted for review.

4. Who Can Help Municipalities Through the Plan Endorsement Process?

The Hunterdon County Planning Board staff is available to meet with individual municipalities (or groups of municipalities) in order to identify the resources that are available through the County. The County may be able to lend assistance with mapping, data needs and other technical support. Additionally, Planning Board staff can attend pre-petition conferences with the municipality and the Office of Smart Growth in order to review existing documentation and identify outstanding items that are needed to fulfill Plan Endorsement requirements.

To find out more about County Planning Board assistance, please call 908-788-1490 or email.

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Public Safety - Mitigation

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1. What is hazard mitigation?

Natural hazards have the potential to cause property loss, loss of life, economic hardship, and threats to public health and safety. While an important aspect of emergency management deals with disaster recovery - those actions that a community must take to repair damages and make itself whole in the wake of a natural disaster - an equally important aspect of emergency management involves hazard mitigation.

Hazard mitigation actions are efforts taken before a disaster happens to lessen the impact that future disasters of that type will have on people and property in the community. They are things you do today to be more protected in the future. Hazard mitigation actions taken in advance of a hazard event are essential to breaking the typical disaster cycle of damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage. With careful selection, hazard mitigation actions can be long-term, cost-effective means of reducing the risk of loss and help create a more disaster-resistant and sustainable community.

2. What is a Hazard Mitigation Plan?

A Hazard Mitigation Plan is a well-organized and well-documented evaluation of the hazards that a jurisdiction is susceptible to, and the extent to which these events will occur. Hazard Mitigation Plans identify an area's vulnerability to the effects of the natural and man-made hazards, as well as the goals, objectives, and actions required for minimizing future loss of life, injury, property damage, and economic disruption as a result of hazard events.

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Public Safety - State of Emergency

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1. What is a State of Emergency?

The Governor declares a State of Emergency when he/she believes a disaster has occurred or may be imminent that is severe enough to require State aid to supplement local resources in preventing or alleviating damages, loss, hardship or suffering. This declaration authorizes the Governor to speed State agency assistance to communities in need. It enables him to make resources immediately available to rescue, evacuate, shelter, provide essential commodities (i.e., heating fuel, food etc.) and quell disturbances in affected localities. It may also position the State to seek federal assistance when the scope of the event exceeds the State's resources.

2. Does a State of Emergency declaration direct citizens to take any particular action?

The declaration empowers the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM) to act on behalf of the Governor to employ the resources and assets of State, local and private agencies to provide immediate assistance to localities. Typically, the New Jersey State Police, National Guard, and departments of Environmental Protection, Transportation and Health are called upon rather quickly to respond to the event, and other departments are added as needed.

After the Governor issues the declaration, NJOEM puts the State Emergency Operations Plan into effect. It may also activate the State Emergency Operations Center to full 24-hour staffing to coordinate and direct State response and recovery operations. In addition, NJOEM may call on a number of private agencies such as the American Red Cross, The Salvation Army, and the Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOAD) network to fulfill critical missions. The Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) often provides backup emergency communications and the Civil Air Patrol may assist in search and rescue missions.

3. Does a State of Emergency mean you aren't allowed to go anywhere or do anything until it's lifted?

The Governor's declaration does not normally restrict citizen movements or activities. The State may limit access to affected areas due to concerns for public safety but will notify the public of these restrictions. If it is necessary to impose vehicular or personal movement restrictions, the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM) will alert the public using all available means, including, but not limited to: the Emergency Alert System, urgent press releases, Department of Transportation (DOT) highway signs, law enforcement teletypes, etc. Every effort will be made by NJOEM to facilitate safe passage for utility, health care and emergency services workers whose presence is necessary for public safety or in response to the Emergency.

4. How long does a State of Emergency remain in effect?

The Governor will rescind the State of Emergency when it is no longer needed to provide necessary support to localities or until the threat of impending danger from the event has passed.

5. Does a declaration of emergency bar the sale or provision of goods and services?

The Governor's declaration does not address restrictions on the sale or provision of goods or services. However, your locality may enact restrictions under their local emergency declaration. We recommend that you contact your local government for any specific information.

6. Is it an employer's responsibility to pay employees who cannot get to work during a State of Emergency?

The Governor's declaration does not mandate administrative policies for individual businesses or address workplace situations in which employees are unable to travel. Businesses must address hours of operation and compensation on an individual basis. Once a federal disaster is declared, employees unable to work may be eligible for unemployment assistance.

7. Are all State Offices closed during a State of Emergency?

The Governor's declaration does not automatically close State Offices. Should it be necessary due to conditions experienced during the Emergency to scale back or close State Offices, the Governor will make an announcement to his/her Cabinet and through the media, similar to what is done during a snow storm.

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Rabies Fact Sheet - FAQs

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1. What is the history of rabies in New Jersey?

In the earlier part of this century, New Jersey had a large problem with rabies in dogs. In 1939, the worst year for dog rabies, 675 dogs and four humans died of rabies. In 1942, a rabies program consisting of mass vaccination of dogs, and pick-up of stray animals was initiated. As a result of these efforts, New Jersey experienced its last case of canine rabies in 1956. In 1960, the first case of rabies in bats was detected in New Jersey. Presently, 2% to 5% of all New Jersey bats submitted to the state laboratory for testing are positive for rabies.

In 1997, a New Jersey man was diagnosed with rabies. He had removed bats from his house and may have been bitten by a bat in the process. This was the first human case of rabies since 1971, when a man was bitten by a bat and received partial treatment with the previously used rabies vaccine. The current vaccine, unlike the previous vaccine, has never failed when administered properly.

New Jersey is facing another challenge from rabies. Raccoon rabies has spread throughout the state.

2. How did the outbreak of rabies in raccoons get started in this part of the country?

In 1977, rabid raccoons were first detected in West Virginia. It is believed that rabies was present in raccoons imported from Florida into West Virginia by hunters in the 1970s. The disease then spread to other raccoons after they were released. Once raccoon rabies was established in West Virginia and Virginia, it spread at a rate of approximately 25 to 50 miles per year into Maryland, Washington, D.C., Delaware, and Pennsylvania. This rabies epizootic spread into New Jersey through Warren and Hunterdon counties in October 1989. The raccoon rabies epizootic now extends throughout New England and as far west as Ohio, and south into North Carolina. Note: an epizootic is a term used to denote an epidemic of the disease in an animal population).

3. What areas of New Jersey are affected the most?

All areas of the State of New Jersey, including urban centers, have been affected by this rabies outbreak. Suburban areas in which raccoons, people and pets are in close proximity have had the highest number of cases.

4. How can I protect myself from being exposed to rabies?

Wild animals, particularly raccoons, foxes, skunks, groundhogs and bats, are most likely to be infected with rabies. Although raccoons are the most frequently infected animals in the current rabies outbreak, other animals are often bitten and infected by raccoons. Wild animals with rabies do not always display signs of illness and can be perfectly healthy in appearance. Avoid all contact with bats, particularly sick or downed ones. All bites and scratches from these animals should be washed out immediately and receive prompt medical attention. If possible, wild animals that have been exposed to humans or domestic animals should be captured and tested for rabies.

5. How do I "animal-proof" my house and yard?

Make sure that all garbage is stored in animal-resistant containers, as raccoons and other wild animals love to feast on your leftovers. Do not leave leftover pet food outdoors as it will attract raccoons. Make sure outbuildings are secure from invasion by raccoons and skunks looking for a cozy place to stay. Chimneys should be capped, as raccoons like to den in chimneys.

Steps should be taken to exclude bats from houses and other structures by sealing the openings they use. This should be done during the winter (November-March) when bats have left for hibernation. The entry points are often near the roof edge such as under the eaves, soffits, and bands around the chimney. A variety of materials can be used to seal openings including 1/4 inch hardware cloth, fly screening, sheet metal, wood caulking, expandable polyurethane, or fiberglass insulation.

6. Do I still need to vaccinate my cats and dogs against rabies?

Yes, unvaccinated domestic animals can contract rabies from wild animals and transmit the infection to humans. There are safe and effective vaccines to protect dogs, cats, horses, cattle, and sheep against rabies. You can get your pet vaccinated at a private veterinarian's office or at a municipal-sponsored rabies clinic (call your municipal clerk to ask about rabies clinics held in your area). Unvaccinated pets or livestock that has had contact with a known or suspects rabid animal must be euthanized to avoid the risk of coming down with rabies, or placed in strict isolation from humans and other animals for a period of six months until it is certain that the animal is free of rabies.

7. Why recommend that domestic animals get vaccinated if raccoons are the animals spreading rabies?

Raccoons are very good at spreading rabies. When rabid raccoons enter an area, many other types of animals acquire rabies from raccoons. From 1989 through 2000, over 4,300 New Jersey animals were found to have rabies as a result of the raccoon rabies epizootic. Although 77% of these animals were raccoons, 14% were skunks, 4% were cats, 2% were foxes, and 2% were groundhogs. Twelve other species of animals were also diagnosed with rabies.

8. Can raccoons be vaccinated against rabies?

An oral rabies vaccine for raccoons in a fish-flavored bait, called V-RG, has been tested in southern New Jersey and shown to be effective. This vaccine has recently been approved for general use by the United States Department of Agriculture and could be used by municipalities to reduce or control the spread of rabies in raccoon populations. However, state review and approval is needed to purchase this vaccine and its use would not replace traditional rabies control measures, such as domestic animal vaccination and animal control activities.

9. What should I do if I'm bitten or attacked by an animal?

1. Learn as much as you can about the animal. If the animal is with an owner, get the owner's name and address. If it is a wild or stray animal, look to see if there are any features that will allow you to identify it later on. If it is possible to do without endangering yourself, capture the animal and confine it; or call your local animal control officer.
2. Wash the wound immediately with plenty of water and soap.
3. Contact your physician, H.M.O., or local emergency room for wound care and consultation regarding the need for rabies preventive treatment.
4. Report the incident to your local health department.

10. Why does my dog or cat need to be observed if it bites someone?

If a dog or cat bites a human, the animal must be observed for ten days to see if symptoms of rabies develop. This is necessary even if it has been vaccinated, as very rarely, vaccination fails to protect an animal and it develops rabies disease. At the longest, a dog or cat can have rabies virus in its saliva for only 2-3 days before it develops rabies symptoms. Therefore we know that if a dog or cat remains healthy for at least 10 days after it bites someone, it could not have had the rabies virus in its saliva at the time of the bite. If an animal does not have virus in its saliva, it cannot transmit the disease through a bite.

11. If my ferret bites someone can my ferret be observed for 10 days?

Yes - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been conducting studies on the viral shedding period of ferrets infected with different strains of rabies virus. Results of these studies have shown that the viral shedding time for ferrets is very short, similar to that of dogs and cats. In light of this data, the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services recommends that a 10-day observation period be utilized in the event a ferret bites a person. However, because of their propensity to bite, the Department discourages the keeping of ferrets as pets in households with small children. There are several well documented reports of ferrets attacking and severely biting infants. Anyone owning a ferret should take extra precautions to ensure that the animal does not bite anyone.

12. Can I get rabies from a squirrel or a mouse?

Squirrels, mice, and other small rodents have only very rarely been found to have rabies, and have never been known to transmit rabies to humans or other animals. In general, postexposure treatment is not recommended after a bite from one of these animals unless it is unusually vicious or appears obviously ill. Groundhogs are the only rodents that are likely to be infected with rabies virus in areas where raccoons are commonly found to be rabid.

13. Why do animals need to be killed in order to be tested for rabies?

Blood testing of suspect rabid animals is not a reliable method of diagnosis for rabies. The only sure method for determining if an animal has rabies is to remove a piece of its brain and look for the presence of the rabies virus under the microscope with a special fluorescent antibody test technique.

14. How do people get rabies?

Rabies virus infection most commonly occurs when a rabid animal bites an individual. Rabies can also occur when infected saliva from a rabid animal contaminates an open wound (one which was bleeding within the past 24 hours), a scratch or skin abrasion, or a mucous membrane.

In addition to saliva and the salivary glands, tissues and fluid of the central nervous system (i.e., brain and spinal cord) contain high amounts of the virus. Virus is rarely found in other body organs and fluids.

People cannot get rabies by just petting an animal or even by getting saliva contaminated with rabies virus onto their intact skin. In order for them to get rabies, the virus must come in contact with a recent wound or break in the skin or the virus must get onto their mucous membranes (such as into the eye or mouth). However, any physical contact with a bat is considered a possible exposure to the rabies virus and should be carefully evaluated for post-exposure rabies treatment. Bats have such tiny teeth that a bite may go undetected.

15. What are the symptoms of rabies in humans?

1. Incubation period - Usually 20-90 days, but maybe as short as nine days; very rarely as long as several years. There are no symptoms during this period.
2. Prodromal Phase - 2 to 10 days

• fever
• anorexia (poor appetite), nausea, vomiting
• headache
• malaise, lethargy
• pain or paresthesia (numbness or tingling) at the site of the bite
• 3. Acute Neurological Phase - 2 to 7 days
• hyperactivity
• disorientation
• hallucinations
• seizures, neck stiffness
• hydrophobia or aerophobia (intense fear of water or air caused by pain from tightening of muscles in the throat)
• paralysis or weakness

4. Coma - 0-14 days

5. Death, or extremely rarely, recover

16. Is there a treatment for rabies?

There is no known effective treatment for rabies once symptoms develop. Rabies can be prevented if rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine are given shortly after exposure to the virus. This is called rabies post-exposure treatment.

17. What is the protocol for rabies post-exposure treatment?

Rabies post-exposure treatment is no longer the painful process that it used to be. The current vaccines are much safer and more effective than the previously used vaccine. Postexposure treatment begins with a dose of rabies immune globulin administered partially around the wound, if possible, and partially in the gluteal region. This is followed by a series of 5 vaccinations given over 28 days. This vaccine has been extensively used for over fifteen years with very few significant side effects. The vaccine is given in the upper arm, instead of the stomach.

18. What are the chances that I will get rabies if I am exposed to a rabid animal and don't get the rabies treatment?

The chances of getting rabies depends upon the type of exposure (such as bite) and where on your body the exposure occurred. In general, penetrating bite wounds to areas of the body with a rich nerve supply is the highest risk. Studies have shown that not all bites from rabid animals result in infection with the rabies virus. However, since there is no treatment for this disease once symptoms begin, it is recommended that all persons exposed to a known or suspected rabid animal should receive rabies post-exposure treatment. Immediately washing the exposed area with water and soap is also an important factor in helping to prevent infection.

19. How can rabies be prevented?

1. Vaccinate all dogs and cats. It is recommended that horses, cattle, and sheep also be protected against rabies by vaccination.
2. Control unwanted animals. Abandoned and unwanted dogs and cats should not be left to roam, as they can contract rabies from rabid wildlife and then transmit the infection to community residents and their pets.
3. Avoid contact with wild animals and do not feed them or keep them as pets. Although you cannot get rabies by petting a wild animal, you are likely to get bitten if you try to pet or feed a wild animal. It is natural for wild animals to bite people that try to pet or feed them. Wild animals will also attack and bite when defending their young, which may be nearby but not visible. There are no injectable rabies vaccines approved for use in wildlife or hybrid crosses of domestic animals and wildlife, such as wolf-dog hybrids.
4. Consult a doctor when you are bitten or scratched by any animal and report all bites to your local health department.

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Recycling

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1. Who needs to recycle in Hunterdon?

It is the law to recycle in the State of New Jersey as it is in the County of Hunterdon and all of our municipalities.

We should think of recycling as more than a state-mandated LAW. It is part of being environmentally conscious for yourself and our future. Therefore, Hunterdon County is asking all of its citizens, business owners, and visitors to comply with our program to maintain the high quality of life that Hunterdon strives to keep.

Hunterdon County and our municipalities offer various recycling opportunities for households, schools, and businesses alike. Please see the Municipal page to see what you can do to help our environment.

2. What Do I Recycle?

Important note: Check your Municipal Recycling Information for detailed information. The items below may not be accurate for your particular municipality but are accepted at the County's Recycling Depot.

Bottles & Cans

What's acceptable:

• Glass of any color
• Plastic bottles, jars, and jugs
• Aluminum and steel cans
• Empty aerosol cans

What's not acceptable:

• Glass such as light bulbs, mirrors, drinking glasses, Pyrex™
• Plastic, oil, antifreeze, paint, spray paint, chemical or fertilizer bottles; yogurt cups or margarine tubs; plastic bags; hard molded plastic items
• Aluminum or steel tableware, straws, foil, pie plates

Bottles and cans of recyclables are present in all parts of the house, not just in the kitchen. Remember to recycle empty shampoo, conditioner, soap, lotion, hair product, shaving cream, aerosol deodorant, and detergent containers.

Paper & Cardboard

What's acceptable:

• All newspapers, catalogs, magazines
• Junk mail, including envelopes
• Office paper
• Corrugated cardboard, wavy layer in the middle

What's not acceptable:

• Food boxes, egg cartons, pizza boxes, soda, and beer carriers.
• Food contaminated or plastic-coated paper and cardboard
• Plates, towels, and napkins

Think about how much paper is used in daily life. Almost all of it can be recycled. Remember flyers, notepaper, even greeting cards can all be recycled.

Recycle Yard Waste Where Applicable

Some municipalities may offer yard waste recycling pickup services or have a depot dropoff area for you to utilize. Yard waste items such as grass clippings, leaves, small branches, etc. are usually accepted.

County Residential Recycling Program

The County offers a Residential Recycling Program held at the Hunterdon County Transfer Station/Recycling Depot, located in Annandale, NJ.

Recycling Depot Hours

Monday through Friday
7 am to 4:30 pm

Saturdays
7 am to 1 pm

3. When Do I Recycle?

Please check your municipal recycling information for curbside pickup schedules and/or other recycling information.

You can also take your recycling to the County’s Recycling Depot.

4. How Do I Recycle?

Please check your municipal recycling information to see how you prepare your recycling for curbside pickup.

See the County’s Residential Recycling Program information for preparing your recycling to be deposited at the County’s Transfer Station/Recycling Department.

5. Why Should I Recycle?

There are many reasons to recycle both environmental and economic. There is truly no downside, especially when the County strives to make recycling convenient for you.

Recycle for the environment:

• Save trees! Recycling paper that can be made into new products will reduce the number of trees that need to be cut down.
• Saving trees helps to reduce greenhouse gases and in turn, will help combat global warming.
• Save our petroleum resources! Yes, plastic is a petroleum byproduct, so returning used plastic into the manufacturing stream reduces our reliance on this non-renewable resource.
• Save energy! Recyclables are renewable and available resources. Using recyclables for manufacturing decreases energy used for logging and mining to acquire virgin resources.
• Save space! Land is becoming a precious commodity in southern New Jersey, so reducing the number of materials we put into our landfills prolongs its useful life.

Recycle for the economy:

• Save money! By recycling more, the County of Hunterdon can save your tax-payer dollars.

6. What Else Can I Do?

Check your municipal recycling information to see what special programs they may offer or Participate in other Programs such as:

• Household Hazardous Waste Cleanup Days
• Residential Cleanup Program
• Residential Recycling Program
• Special Electronics Cleanup Days

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Safe Drinking Water Program - FAQs

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1. Is my well water safe to drink?

Well water, like water from public water companies, may become contaminated as a result of flooding. Hunterdon residents with questions about if their wells may have been affected and what disinfection procedures they should use should see the recommendations below. Also, depending on flood conditions, it might be necessary to check with the Hunterdon County Department of Health to determine what steps should be taken in specific geographic areas.

2. What about water from a public water company?

Recent flooding due to a hurricane may compromise or contaminate some water supplies, including the water coming from large public water companies. In these incidences, state and local officials usually monitor water quality very carefully to ensure that any potential contaminants are identified quickly and everyone is informed appropriately. In addition, water companies normally issue official advisories stating that consumers should boil or treat their water, use bottled water or other alternatives until water quality returns to a safe level. If a public water company serves you, call your local water supplier to determine if the water is affected and if you need to boil or treat the water before using it for clean up and consumption.

3. What's the proper way to disinfect water so it's safe to drink?

The preferred method of treatment is boiling. Boiling water kills harmful bacteria and parasites. Bring water to a full ROLLING boil for at least 1 minute to kill most infectious organisms. If boiling water is not possible (power outages) potentially contaminated water may be treated with chlorine or iodine tablets. However, this treatment will not kill parasitic organisms. To disinfect with chlorine mix six drops (1/8 teaspoon) of unscented, ordinary household chlorine bleach (5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite) per gallon of water. Mix the solution thoroughly, and let stand for about thirty minutes. To disinfect using iodine put eight drops of 2% tincture of iodine in one quart of water. Allow the water to stand at least 30 minutes before it is used.

4. What infectious organisms might be present in contaminated water?

Disease transmission from contaminated water occurs principally by ingesting water. The major organisms of concern are parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and bacteria such as Shigella and E. coli. These organisms primarily affect the gastrointestinal system, causing diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting with or without fever. Most of these illnesses are not usually serious or life-threatening, except in the elderly or those immunocompromised. If your hands have touched contaminated water, keep them away from your face. You shouldn't eat, smoke, or wipe your face until you have washed your hands in sanitary water. Disease organisms from contaminated water can enter your body orally.

5. What if I've already consumed potentially contaminated water?

Even if you consume potentially contaminated water from either a public water system or a private well before you were aware of the boil water advisory, the likelihood of becoming ill is very low. Anyone experiencing symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, with or without fever, should seek medical attention.

6. In what other activities should I avoid using potentially contaminated water?

Contaminated water should NOT be used for drinking, making prepared drinks, ice making, brushing teeth, washing food or preparing food, or for pets. Water may be added to foods that will undergo a rolling boil for at least 1 minute.

7. Is potentially contaminated water safe for washing dishes or clothes?

Yes, but try to use a dishwasher if possible, and run on dry cycle or final rinse that exceeds 113 degrees Fahrenheit for 20 minutes, or 122 degrees Fahrenheit for 5 minutes. If you have to wash dishes by hand, be sure to rinse dishes for a minute in dilute bleach (1 tablespoon per gallon of water). It is safe to wash clothes in potentially contaminated water.

8. Is potentially contaminated water safe for bathing and shaving?

It is not recommended that you shower, bathe or shave with potentially contaminated water as it could introduce the risk of swallowing the water. This is particularly a concern for children and disabled individuals who could accidentally ingest a quantity of water. Though the risk of illness is minimal, individuals who have recent surgical wounds, are immunosuppressed, or suffering from chronic illness may want to consider using bottled or boiled water for cleansing until the water quality can be assured again as safe.

9. How should I wash my hands during a boil water advisory period?

During an emergency period, vigorously wash your hands with soap and boiled, treated, or bottled water. If you cannot boil the water, be sure the water you use comes from a safe alternative source. If possible, use a waterless hand sanitizer.

10. Do I need any vaccinations if I have been exposed to flood water?

There is not usually a need to give vaccines during flood-related events. In some cases (see below) a tetanus booster may be indicated.

Tetanus: Individuals exposed to flood waters with an open wound (not minor cuts and abrasions) who have not had a tetanus booster shot in 10 years should receive a tetanus booster. Mass vaccination of the general public and emergency responders is not recommended. Hepatitis A, typhoid and cholera: Since these diseases are unlikely to be transmitted under these circumstances, vaccination against them is not indicated.

Hepatitis A, typhoid, and cholera: Since these diseases are unlikely to be transmitted under these circumstances, vaccination against them is not indicated.

11. Is it safe for me to participate in the cleanup (basements, offices, etc.)?

It is recommended that individuals participating in the cleanup of contaminated water sites protect themselves with protective clothing, including boots and gloves that are waterproof, and guard against injury by sharp objects. Find more information about basement flooring.

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Sheriff's Office - Sheriff's Labor Assistance Program (SLAP)

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1. Who participates in SLAP? Is it safe?

• Individuals sentenced for low level offenses and with minimal risk to public safety (i.e. driving offenses, shoplifting, criminal mischief) are offered the "opportunity" to apply for SLAP in lieu of straight jail time.
• All applicants are screened and interviewed prior to enrollment

2. What type of work do they perform?

General labor and work projects:

• Clean-up, garbage removal, painting
• Weed and grass cutting

3. Do we have to feed SLAP crews?

No, SLAP participants are required to provide their own meal or snacks.

4. Do I have to provide transportation or supervision for SLAP participants?

No SLAP participants are transported and supervised for the duration of the work day.

5. How do I request assistance from SLAP?

Contact the SLAP Office personnel directly:

• Undersheriff Frank J. Cordero via email or at 908-806-5542
• Corporal Gretchen Malone via email or at 908-788-1374

Requests should detail the work and location(s). Provide a contact person(s) responsible for coordination and logistics.

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Surrogate General FAQ

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1. Do I need an attorney for this process?

You are not required to have an attorney to go through the probate or administration process.  Many executors and administrators go through the process without one.  

The Surrogate's Court is here to guide you through the process itself, but cannot give or imply legal advice.  No recommendations made by the Surrogate's Court should be construed as legal advice. 

If the estate is complex, contested, or you are feeling overwhelmed, you may want to consult with an estate attorney.  Unfortunately, we cannot recommend attorneys to the public.  

2. If there is no will, then who gets what?

If someone dies with:	Here's who gets what:
descendants, but no spouse	children inherit everything; if any children are deceased, then their children (decedent's grandchildren) inherit their deceased parent's share
spouse, but no descendants  or parents	spouse inherits everything
spouse and descendants only shared with that spouse	spouse inherits everything
spouse and children from someone other than spouse	spouse inherits the first 25% of intestate property (but not less than $50,000 or more than $200,000), plus 1/2 of the balance; children of decedent share remaining balance of the estate; if any children are deceased, then their children (decedent's grandchildren) inherit their deceased parent's share
spouse and descendants shared with spouse,  but your spouse also has descendants with someone else	spouse inherits the first 25% of intestate property (but not less than $50,000 or more than $200,000), plus 1/2 of the balance; decedent's children inherit everything else; stepchildren do not inherit
spouse and parents (no descendants)	spouse inherits the first 25% of  intestate property (but not less than $50,000 or more than $200,000), plus 3/4 of the balance; parents inherit remaining remainder
parents but no spouse or descendants	parents inherit everything; if no parents survive, siblings of decedent inherit equally; if any siblings are deceased, then their children (decedent's nieces/nephews) inherit their deceased parent's share
siblings, but no spouse, descendants , or parents	siblings inherit everything; if any siblings are deceased, then their children (decedent's nieces/nephews) inherit their deceased parent's share

Descendants are children, grandchildren, great grandchildren, etc. 

3. What do I do with a vehicle registered only in the decedent's name?

A vehicle in the decedent's name may be operated for 30 days after the date of death by immediate family or any licensed driver authorized by the decedent's family. Thereafter, the title must be transferred by the executor or administrator. One must be deemed executor or administrator by the Surrogate prior to the transfer.

4. What does it mean for a will to be self-proving? What happens if the will is not self-proving?

What does it mean for a will to be self-proving?

For a will to be considered self-proving, it must contain specific wording related to and including two witnesses and a notary.  

Pursuant to Statute 3B:3-4 "Making will self-proved at time of execution", a will may be simultaneously executed, attested, and made self-proved, by acknowledgment thereof by the testator and affidavits of the witnesses, each made before an officer authorized pursuant to R.S.46:14-6.1 to take acknowledgments and proofs of instruments entitled to be recorded under the laws of this State, in substantially the following form:

I, .........., the testator, sign my name to this instrument this .... day of ......., 20..., and being duly sworn, do hereby declare to the undersigned authority that I sign and execute this instrument as my last will and that I sign it willingly (or willingly direct another to sign for me), that I execute it as my free and voluntary act for the purposes therein expressed, and that I am 18 years of age or older, of sound mind, and under no constraint or undue influence.

.........................................
Testator

We,............., the witnesses, sign our names to this instrument, and, being duly sworn, do hereby declare to the undersigned authority that the testator signs and executes this instrument as the testator's last will and that the testator signs it willingly (or willingly directs another to sign for him), and that each of us, in the presence and hearing of the testator, hereby signs this will as witness to the testator's signing, and that to the best of our knowledge the testator is 18 years of age or older, of sound mind, and under no constraint or undue influence.

........................................
Witness

........................................
Witness

The State of................

County of...................

Subscribed, sworn to and acknowledged before me by ................, the testator and subscribed and sworn to before me by ............ and ............., witnesses, this ............. day of.................

(Signed).............................  (Notary / Attorney) with stamp/seal

What happens if the will is NOT self-proving?

If the proper wording is present with the signatures of the testator and of two witnesses, but the will has not been notarized OR the notary paragraph is lacking/contains errors OR one of the witnesses has also acted as the notary, the executor would need to find and contact one of the witnesses and ask them to visit the Surrogate's Court to sign a proof.  

If the will has been properly notarized, but is lacking the proper attestation wording by the witnesses, then both witnesses may need to sign proofs.

This can sound confusing, but we can help.  Please contact the Surrogate's Court for assistance on this process at 908-788-1156.

5. The decedent hasn't spoken to closest next of kin for years. Do I still have to tell the Surrogate's Court about them?

Yes.  Whether they are estranged or not or inherit or not, closest next of kin must be listed on your application for probate or administration.

We cannot accept your application if you leave someone out or list an address as unknown.  We suggest you speak to other relatives, family friends, search Google, White Pages, social media, etc. to attempt to obtain missing addresses.  

6. What are my duties as executor or administrator?

EXECUTORS:  Please review or print our brochure here:  Duties of an Executor (PDF)

Executors should send a Notice of Probate to next of kin and beneficiaries within 60 days of probate.  See a sample here:  Notice of Probate (PDF) 

ADMINISTRATORS:  Please review or print our brochure here: Duties of an Administrator (PDF)

7. Who is considered next of kin?

We require spouse and children to be listed.

IF decedent has a child who predeceased him or her and that child produced grandchildren, the those grandchildren must be listed. 

IF there is NO spouse or children, you would list the decedent's parents.  

IF no parents have survived the decedent, move on to siblings (if a sibling predeceased the decedent, but produced nieces or nephews, then those nieces/nephews must be listed).  

If there are no siblings or nieces / nephews, move onto grandparents (if alive) and then onto decedent's aunts/uncles.  Then cousins.  Etc.  

INSERT KINSHIP CHART

8. Am I personally responsible as executor/administrator for the decedent's debts?

If you handle the estate assets, payment of debts, and distribution to beneficiaries properly, then you should not be personally liable for estate debts. Keep organized records of money coming into or out of an estate.  

Debts must be paid before any distributions are made to beneficiaries. If you pay beneficiaries knowing debts are going unpaid, then there could be an issue. 

Contact all creditors you are aware of as soon as possible and notify them of the debtor's death. Ask them what can be done for debts that are more than the estate can afford. 

If there are not enough funds to pay creditors, New Jersey’s probate code dictates a priority for paying creditors. 

Pursuant to 3B:22-2, if the applicable assets of the estate are insufficient to pay all claims in full, the personal representative shall make payment in the following order:

a. Reasonable funeral expenses;

b. Costs and expenses of administration;

c. Debts for the reasonable value of services rendered to the decedent by the Office of the Public Guardian for Elderly Adults;

d. Debts and taxes with preference under federal law or the laws of this State;

e. Reasonable medical and hospital expenses of the last illness of the decedent, including compensation of persons attending him;

f. Judgments entered against the decedent according to the priorities of their entries respectively;

g. All other claims.

No preference shall be given in the payment of any claim over any other claim of the same class, and a claim due and payable shall not be entitled to a preference over claims not due. The commencement of an action against the personal representative for the recovery of a debt or claim or the entry of a judgment thereon against the personal representative shall not entitle such debt or claim to preference over others of the same class.

Amended 1989, c.248, s.8; 2004, c.132, s.82; 2005, c.304, s.47.

9. What if there's not enough money in the estate to pay all debts?

Debts must be paid before any distributions are made to beneficiaries. 

Contact all creditors you are aware of as soon as possible and notify them of the debtor's death. Ask them what can be done for debts that are more than the estate can afford. 

If there are not enough funds to pay creditors, New Jersey’s probate code dictates a priority for paying creditors. 

Pursuant to 3B:22-2, if the applicable assets of the estate are insufficient to pay all claims in full, the personal representative shall make payment in the following order:

a. Reasonable funeral expenses;

b. Costs and expenses of administration;

c. Debts for the reasonable value of services rendered to the decedent by the Office of the Public Guardian for Elderly Adults;

d. Debts and taxes with preference under federal law or the laws of this State;

e. Reasonable medical and hospital expenses of the last illness of the decedent, including compensation of persons attending him;

f. Judgments entered against the decedent according to the priorities of their entries respectively;

g. All other claims.

No preference shall be given in the payment of any claim over any other claim of the same class, and a claim due and payable shall not be entitled to a preference over claims not due. The commencement of an action against the personal representative for the recovery of a debt or claim or the entry of a judgment thereon against the personal representative shall not entitle such debt or claim to preference over others of the same class.

Amended 1989, c.248, s.8; 2004, c.132, s.82; 2005, c.304, s.47.

10. What debts of a decedent take priority?

3B:22-2. If the applicable assets of the estate are insufficient to pay all claims in full, the personal representative shall make payment in the following order:

a. Reasonable funeral expenses;

b. Costs and expenses of administration;

c. Debts for the reasonable value of services rendered to the decedent by the Office of the Public Guardian for Elderly Adults;

d. Debts and taxes with preference under federal law or the laws of this State;

e. Reasonable medical and hospital expenses of the last illness of the decedent, including compensation of persons attending him;

f. Judgments entered against the decedent according to the priorities of their entries respectively;

g. All other claims.

No preference shall be given in the payment of any claim over any other claim of the same class, and a claim due and payable shall not be entitled to a preference over claims not due. The commencement of an action against the personal representative for the recovery of a debt or claim or the entry of a judgment thereon against the personal representative shall not entitle such debt or claim to preference over others of the same class.

Amended 1989, c.248, s.8; 2004, c.132, s.82; 2005, c.304, s.47.

11. What happens if assets were left to a minor?

If assets are left to minor children and no custodial account or trust was established to manage that property, the Surrogate's Court will need to appoint a property guardian to manage that property until a child turns eighteen.  Funds will be held in a trust fund by the Court.  

12. I don't think the executor or administrator is doing their job properly; what can I do?

If you want to present your concern to the Surrogate's Court, you would need to file a formal Complaint to Superior Court, Chancery Division, Probate Part.

While an attorney is not required to do so, please be advised that the Surrogate's Court cannot provide you with legal advice.

You may research the proper process and documentation required as a self-represented litigant OR consult with an attorney.  

13. The decedent is still getting social security checks. Should I call someone about this?

Contact Social Security: 1-800-772-1213

14. I have tax questions. Who do I contact?

We suggest you contact an accountant for specific tax questions.

You can also call the NJ Transfer Inheritance and Estate Tax Division at 609-292-5033, or 609-292-5035, or 609-292-7147

US Tax Information at 1-800-829-1040

15. What do I need to transfer a vehicle title?

According to the NJ MVC website, a vehicle registered in the name of a decedent may be operated for 30 days after the date of death.  All documents must be brought to a motor vehicle agency or full service agency to complete the transaction. 

If the title is in both the husband and wife’s name:

Submit the old title, a copy of the death certificate and a notarized Affidavit (Form BA-62)

• The $60 title fee will apply (the existing registration can be transferred for an additional $4.50).  If the vehicle was left in a will:
  • Submit the old title properly assigned by the executor of the estate and a Surrogate's Short Certificate
  • Pay the $60 title fee (the existing registration can be transferred to an immediate member of the family for $4.50)

To transfer ownership to the Estate:

• Apply for a Entity Identification Number (EIN – formerly CorpCode).
• Once received, bring the EIN, the old title, the Surrogate's Short Certificate (obtained through the probate or administration process), and your driver’s license as proof of identification to a motor vehicle agency.
• Pay the $60 title fee (or $85 for a financed vehicle title fee)
• In addition, a new registration and proof of New Jersey insurance in the estate name is necessary if the vehicle will be operated.

The MVC accepts American Express® card, Visa® card, MasterCard®, Discover card®, check, money order or cash.

16. Do I need to come to the Surrogate's Court if the only asset is a vehicle titled to my deceased spouse AND myself?

If BOTH of your names are on the title and the vehicle is the only asset, you should be able to avoid the Surrogate's Court process.

According to the NJ MVC website, If the title is in both the husband and wife’s name: 

• Submit the old title, a copy of the death certificate and a notarized Affidavit (Form BA-62)
• The $60 title fee will apply (the existing registration can be transferred for an additional $4.50).  If the vehicle was left in a will:
  • Submit the old title properly assigned by the executor of the estate and a Surrogate's Short Certificate
  • Pay the $60 title fee (the existing registration can be transferred to an immediate member of the family for $4.50)

17. Can I obtain additional / updated estate certificates?

An executor can obtain updated probate certificates at any time by coming to see us in person or by submitting a written request.  Written requests should include the name of the estate, the number of updated certificates being requested, and a $5.00 fee per certificate, payable to Hunterdon County Surrogate.

An administrator is limited to one certificate per asset.  If additional assets are discovered, the administrator should make an appointment to provide the new information and sign an Amended Application for Administration to obtain the additional certificates necessary.  This may carry a $25 open-file fee and $5 fee per certificate, payable to Hunterdon County Surrogate. 

18. How do I obtain an EIN / Tax ID number?

E.I.N. stands for “Employer Identification Number”, often referred to as a “Federal Tax ID Number”

When someone passes away, their Social Security Number expires.   You will need to provide the bank with an EIN to create an Estate Account. 

You may apply for an EIN online at:  https://sa.www4.irs.gov/modiein/individual/index.jsp               

Choose EIN Type:  ESTATE 

 WARNING:       Do not search for EIN information on the internet---you may be charged to obtain the EIN.  This is a free process provided by the IRS.   

19. I need to obtain a bond. Where can I get one?

Here is a list of some local bonding companies we have worked with:

State Farm – Ed Mahn
31 Church St.
Flemington, NJ 08822
908-782-2010

McPherson and Newland
20 Bloomfield Avenue
Flemington, NJ 08822 
908-782-3710

True and Associates
12A Leigh Street
Clinton, NJ 08809
908-713-6711

James A. Connors Associates, Inc.
441 Route 513
Califon, NJ 07830
908-832-7600

Groendyke Associates
295 Route 513
Califon, NJ 07830
908-638-8558  

Surety One, LLC
717 Ramapo Avenue, PO Box 333
Pompton Lakes, NJ 07442
973-831-5880

Bondology
John T. Costa, Agency, INC.
205 Hamburg Tpk., Suite J
Wayne, NJ 07470
973-835-8444

Colonial Surety Company
123 Tice Blvd., Suite 250
Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677
1-800-221-3662

BCA Insurance Group
Lisa Post, Director of Surety 
100 B Centre Blvd.
Marlton, NJ 08053
609-922-5905
lpost@bca-inurance.com

Keller Insurance**
Edward Mignone, CLCS
1107 Mantua Pike, Suite 706
West Deptford, NJ 08051
856-464-9899
www.kellerinsurance.com

Assured Partners / The Insurance Centers**
Heather Duffy
20 Commerce Drive, Suite 303
Cranford, NJ 07016
732-256-3420 

*These companies can often assist with difficult-to-bond applicants.

 

20. What effect does a divorce have on a will?

A divorce operates as a revocation of any bequest made to your former spouse or any appointment of your former spouse as executor, but in all other respects, the will is still effective.

21. What if I don't want my inheritance? How do I disclaim?

What is a disclaimer?

A disclaimer is an estate planning tool that allows you to redistribute transfers of assets or property by refusing to accept a gift, bequest, or other form of property transfer.  A disclaimer is an heir's legal refusal to accept a gift or a bequest. The disclaiming party does not have the authority to direct who inherits their share.  If you properly execute a disclaimer, the asset disclaimed will pass to whoever would have received it had you died before the person who left the asset to you.  (In Administrations, disclaimers do not move "sideways" to other beneficiaries, they move down the bloodline.  For example, if a father leaves his son and daughter each $1,000 and his daughter disclaims, then her children get her $1,000 --- not her brother.) 

Once disclaimed, the property is then distributed to the next recipient.  The person disclaiming the property, a disclaimant, is not regarded as having received the property, or having transferred the property.

In general, there is no deadline to file a disclaimer.
However, there is a 9-month deadline (from the date of death) to file a "qualified" Disclaimer for tax purposes.  

Who can Disclaim?   3B:9-2. Disclaimer of an interested party

a. Any person who is an heir, or a devisee or beneficiary under a will or testamentary trust, or appointee under a power of appointment exercised by a will or testamentary trust, including a person succeeding to a disclaimed interest, may disclaim in whole or in part any property or interest therein, including a future interest, by delivering and filing a disclaimer under this chapter.

b. Any person who is a grantee, donee, surviving joint tenant, surviving party to a P.O.D. account or a trust deposit account, person succeeding to a disclaimed interest, beneficiary under a nontestamentary instrument or contract, appointee under a power of appointment exercised by a nontestamentary instrument, or a beneficiary under an insurance policy, may disclaim in whole or in part any such property or interest therein by delivering, and if required by N.J.S.3B:9-7, by filing, a written disclaimer under this chapter.

c. A surviving joint tenant may disclaim as a separate interest any property or interest therein devolving to him by right of survivorship without regard to the extent, if any, the surviving joint tenant contributed to the creation of the joint property interest.

d. A disclaimer may be of a pecuniary or a fractional share, expressed as either a percentage or dollar amount, specific property or any limited interest or estate.

What needs to be in a Disclaimer?  3B:9-3. Requirements of a disclaimer

See our Disclaimer Sample here:  Disclaimer Sample (PDF)

a. A disclaimer shall be in writing, signed and acknowledged by the person disclaiming, and shall:

(1) Describe the property , interest, power or discretion disclaimed; (Will need lot, block # for property)

(2) If the property interest disclaimed is real property, identify the municipality and county in which the real property is situated; and

(3) Declare the disclaimer and the extent thereof.

b. The disclaimer shall be made within the time prescribed by section 68 of P.L.2004, c. 132 (C.3B:9-4.2).

 

How / who is it delivered to?  3B:9-6. Delivering and filing disclaimer 

*Note there is $5.00 per page filing fee

a. The disclaimer of an interest by an intestate heir, or a person who is a devisee or beneficiary under a will or a testamentary trust or who is an appointee under a power of appointment exercised by a will or testamentary trust, including a person succeeding to a disclaimed interest, shall be filed in the office of the surrogate or clerk of the Superior Court in which proceedings have been commenced or will be commenced for the administration of the estate of the decedent or deceased donee of the power of appointment. A copy of the disclaimer shall also be delivered to any personal representative, or other fiduciary of the decedent or to the donee of the power or to the holder of the legal title to which the interest relates. The fiduciary shall promptly notify the person or persons who take the disclaimed interest, although any such failure to provide the notice required herein shall not affect the validity of the disclaimer.

b. The disclaimer of an interest in property, other than property passing under or pursuant to a will or testamentary trust shall be delivered to the fiduciary, payor or other person having legal title to or possession of the property or interest disclaimed or who is entitled thereto in the event of disclaimer. Any fiduciary, payor or other person having title to or possession of the property or interest who receives such disclaimer shall promptly notify the person or persons who take the disclaimed interest, although any such failure to provide the notice required herein shall not affect the validity of the disclaimer.

c. In the case of a disclaimer by a fiduciary of a power or discretion:

(1) If such disclaimer is made after court authorization, the fiduciary shall deliver a copy to such person or persons and in such manner as shall be directed by the court; or

(2) If such disclaimer is made without court authorization pursuant to N.J.S.3B:9-4(a), the fiduciary shall deliver a copy to all co-fiduciaries, but if there are none, then to all persons whose property interests are affected by the disclaimer.

d. In the case of a will or testamentary trust or power of appointment under a will or testamentary trust, if real property or any interest therein is disclaimed, the surrogate or clerk of the Superior Court, as the case may be, shall forthwith forward a copy of the disclaimer for filing in the office of the clerk or register of deeds and mortgages of the county in which the real property is situated. In the case of a nontestamentary instrument or contract, if real property or any interest therein is disclaimed, the original thereof shall be filed in the office of the clerk or register of deeds and mortgages of the county in which the real property is situated.

e. For the purposes of this section, delivery may be effected: (1) in person; (2) by registered or certified mail; or (3) by another means which is reasonably likely to accomplish delivery.

22. Who becomes the guardian of orphaned minors if there is no will?

Application is made to the Surrogate who usually appoints a person from among the next of kin of the minor.

23. How do I file a claim against an estate?

See a sample of a claim here:  Claim By Creditor (PDF)

Pursuant to NJ Statute 3B:22-4, creditors of the decedent shall present their claims to the personal representative of the decedent's estate in writing and under oath, specifying the amount claimed and the particulars of the claim, within nine months from the date of the decedent's death. If a claim is not so presented to the personal representative within nine months from the date of the decedent's death, the personal representative shall not be liable to the creditor with respect to any assets which the personal representative may have delivered or paid in satisfaction of any lawful claims, devises or distributive shares, before the presentation of the claim.

Pursuant to NJ Statute 3B:22-7, within 3 months after the presentation to him of a claim, the personal representative shall allow or dispute it or allow it in part and dispute it in part, and give notice in writing to the creditor, his agent or attorney, of that which he allows or disputes.

24. Do all states have the same probate laws?

No, although New Jersey is one of several states to enact the Uniform Probate Code, most states have their own probate laws. It is a good idea to have your will reviewed when you move to another state.

25. What is the commission for being the representative of an estate?

2021 New Jersey Statute  3B:18-14 states that:

Commissions on all corpus received by the fiduciary may be taken as follows:

5% on the first $200,000 of all corpus received by the fiduciary;

3.5% on the excess over $200,000 up to $1,000,000;

2% on the excess over $1,000,000; and

1% of all corpus for each additional fiduciary provided that no one fiduciary shall be entitled to any greater commission than that which would be allowed if there were but one fiduciary involved.

Such commissions may be reduced by the court having jurisdiction over the estate only upon application by a beneficiary adversely affected upon an affirmative showing that the services rendered were materially deficient or that the actual pains, trouble and risk of the fiduciary in settling the estate were substantially less than generally required for estates of comparable size.

2021 New Jersey Statute 3B:18-13. states that:

Commissions in the amount of 6% may be taken without court allowance on all income received by the fiduciary. For the purposes of this section, income which is withheld from payment to a fiduciary or fiduciaries pursuant to any law of this State, or of the United States, or any other state, country or sovereignty, or of any political subdivision or governmental unit of any of the foregoing, requiring the withholding for income tax or other tax purposes, shall be deemed to be income received by the fiduciary, and shall be subject to income commissions as provided in this section in the same manner as if actually received by the fiduciary.

26. What if the decedent died in another country?

The representative of the estate will need to obtain the death certificate from the other country, a translated copy if necessary, and a Consular Report of Death of a US Citizen Abroad.

You can find more information on this topic here: 

https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/while-abroad/death-abroad1/consular-report-of-death-of-a-u-s--citizen-abroad.html

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Surrogate: The Importance of a Will FAQ

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1. What is a will and do I need one?

A will is a legally enforceable written document directing which assets go to whom. If you want to choose how your assets are distributed and who your personal representative is, then yes, you need a will.  

2. Can a will save money?

Yes, a will can eliminate the requirement of a bond which will reduce administrative expenses and it could permit your estate to take advantage of tax savings.

3. Can I prepare my own will?

Yes, but without professional guidance and advice, it may not be legally sufficient to be admitted to probate. In addition, self-prepared handwritten "holographic" wills can only be admitted to probate after a formal Superior Court hearing, which takes time and money. 

4. Can I name more than one executor?

Yes, you can name two or more executors to serve at the same time.  However, the parties must work in concert with one another.  Some banks do not recognize co-executors.  Keep this in mind, especially if potential co-executors live in separate areas.  

You can name one executor and then alternate executors should the first-named executor not want to serve or pass away.  

5. What effect does a will have on real estate owned jointly by husband and wife?

Real estate owned jointly by husband and wife in the form of ownership legally known as "tenancy by the entirety" is not controlled by the will of the spouse who dies first. Absolute ownership of the property will pass to the surviving spouse who has rights of survivorship, regardless of what the will may provide.

6. What effect does a will have on joint bank accounts or certificates of deposit?

Accounts held jointly may be owned with right of survivorship and if you want the account to pass outside the estate when one owner dies, make sure you set the account up that way.

7. Can I leave assets to a minor?

If assets are left to minor children and no custodial account or trust was established to manage that property, the Surrogate's Court will need to appoint a property guardian to manage that property until a child turns eighteen.  Funds will be held in a trust fund by the Court.  

8. What effect does a divorce have on a will?

A divorce operates as a revocation of any bequest made to your former spouse or any appointment of your former spouse as executor, but in all other respects, the will is still effective.

9. What does it mean for a will to be self-proving? What happens if the will is not self-proving?

What does it mean for a will to be self-proving?

For a will to be considered self-proving, it must contain specific wording related to and including two witnesses and a notary.  

Pursuant to Statute 3B:3-4 "Making will self-proved at time of execution", a will may be simultaneously executed, attested, and made self-proved, by acknowledgment thereof by the testator and affidavits of the witnesses, each made before an officer authorized pursuant to R.S.46:14-6.1 to take acknowledgments and proofs of instruments entitled to be recorded under the laws of this State, in substantially the following form:

I, .........., the testator, sign my name to this instrument this .... day of ......., 20..., and being duly sworn, do hereby declare to the undersigned authority that I sign and execute this instrument as my last will and that I sign it willingly (or willingly direct another to sign for me), that I execute it as my free and voluntary act for the purposes therein expressed, and that I am 18 years of age or older, of sound mind, and under no constraint or undue influence.

.........................................
Testator

We,............., the witnesses, sign our names to this instrument, and, being duly sworn, do hereby declare to the undersigned authority that the testator signs and executes this instrument as the testator's last will and that the testator signs it willingly (or willingly directs another to sign for him), and that each of us, in the presence and hearing of the testator, hereby signs this will as witness to the testator's signing, and that to the best of our knowledge the testator is 18 years of age or older, of sound mind, and under no constraint or undue influence.

........................................
Witness

........................................
Witness

The State of................

County of...................

Subscribed, sworn to and acknowledged before me by ................, the testator and subscribed and sworn to before me by ............ and ............., witnesses, this ............. day of.................

(Signed).............................  (Notary / Attorney) with stamp/seal

What happens if the will is NOT self-proving?

If the proper wording is present with the signatures of the testator and of two witnesses, but the will has not been notarized OR the notary paragraph is lacking/contains errors OR one of the witnesses has also acted as the notary, the executor would need to find and contact one of the witnesses and ask them to visit the Surrogate's Court to sign a proof.  

If the will has been properly notarized, but is lacking the proper attestation wording by the witnesses, then both witnesses may need to sign proofs.

This can sound confusing, but we can help.  Please contact the Surrogate's Court for assistance on this process at 908-788-1156.

10. Who becomes the guardian of orphaned minors if there is no will?

Application is made to the Surrogate who usually appoints a person from among the next of kin of the minor.

11. If there is no will, then who gets what?

If someone dies with:	Here's who gets what:
descendants, but no spouse	children inherit everything; if any children are deceased, then their children (decedent's grandchildren) inherit their deceased parent's share
spouse, but no descendants  or parents	spouse inherits everything
spouse and descendants only shared with that spouse	spouse inherits everything
spouse and children from someone other than spouse	spouse inherits the first 25% of intestate property (but not less than $50,000 or more than $200,000), plus 1/2 of the balance; children of decedent share remaining balance of the estate; if any children are deceased, then their children (decedent's grandchildren) inherit their deceased parent's share
spouse and descendants shared with spouse,  but your spouse also has descendants with someone else	spouse inherits the first 25% of intestate property (but not less than $50,000 or more than $200,000), plus 1/2 of the balance; decedent's children inherit everything else; stepchildren do not inherit
spouse and parents (no descendants)	spouse inherits the first 25% of  intestate property (but not less than $50,000 or more than $200,000), plus 3/4 of the balance; parents inherit remaining remainder
parents but no spouse or descendants	parents inherit everything; if no parents survive, siblings of decedent inherit equally; if any siblings are deceased, then their children (decedent's nieces/nephews) inherit their deceased parent's share
siblings, but no spouse, descendants , or parents	siblings inherit everything; if any siblings are deceased, then their children (decedent's nieces/nephews) inherit their deceased parent's share

Descendants are children, grandchildren, great grandchildren, etc. 

12. Do all states have the same probate laws?

No, although New Jersey is one of several states to enact the Uniform Probate Code, most states have their own probate laws. It is a good idea to have your will reviewed when you move to another state.

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Tax Appeal

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1. What is the basis for my Assessment?

In order for an assessment to be deemed excessive or discriminatory, a taxpayer must prove that an assessment does not fairly represent one of two standards:

1. Following a revaluation, all assessments must represent 100% of true market value as of the previous October 1. The October 1 pre-tax date is called the annual "assessment date". All evidence submitted in a tax appeal must precede the assessment date, especially property sales used as comparables.
2. The other stand is the "common level" or common level range established in your municipality. To explain the common level rang you must consider what happens following a revaluation. Once a revaluation is completed, external factors such as inflation, appreciation and depreciation cause values to increase or decrease at varying rates. Other factors such as physical deterioration may contribute to changes in property values. Obviously, if assessments are not adjusted annually, a deviation from 100% of true market value will occur.

The State Division of Taxation annually conducts a fiscal year sales survey, investigating most property transfers that occur in your community with your local assessor assisting. Every sale is compared individually to every assessment to determine an average level of assessment in a municipality. An average ratio is developed from all property sales to represent the assessment level in your community. In any year, except the year a revaluation is implemented, the common level of assessment is the average ratio of the district in which your property is situated, and is used by the Tax Board to determine the fairness of your assessment.

2. How do I know if my Assessment is fair?

The New Jersey Legislature adopted a formula known as Chapter 123 in 1973 to test the fairness of an assessment. Once the Tax Board has determined the true market value of a property during an appeal, they are required to automatically compare the true market value to the assessment. If the ratio of the assessment to the true value exceeds the average ratio by 15%, then the assessment is automatically reduced to the common level. However, if the assessment falls within this common level range, no adjustment will be made. If the assessment to true value ratio falls below the common level, the Tax Board is obligated to increase the assessment to the common level. This test assumes that the taxpayer will supply sufficient evidence to the Tax board so that they may determine the true market value of the property subject to the appeal. You should inquire into your district's average ratio before filing a tax appeal. This ratio changes annually on October 1, for use in the subsequent tax year.

Example

Director's Ratio = 85%

Common Level Range = 72.25% to 97.75%

True Value = $95,000

Assessment = $90,000

Ratio = 94.74% ($90,000 ÷ $95,000)

Judgment = No Change

3. How do I file a Tax Appeal?

View and download the Petition for Appeal form (PDF)

In order to file a tax appeal, you must file the A-1 Petition of Appeal form with the Hunterdon County Board of Taxation, by the statutory deadline. The instructions are included with the appeal form, as well as the filing fee requirements. The statutory filing deadline is April 1st, or forty-five days from the mailing of the notice of assessment, for most municipalities. Only municipalities which have undergone a district-wide revaluation or reassessment have a May 1st filing deadline. If you are unable to download the petition of appeal form, using the link above, you may contact our office at 908-788-1174 to have a form mailed to you.

4. What is a Tax Appeal Hearing and who will hear my Appeal?

Once you have filed your tax appeal, a hearing before the County Board of Taxation is scheduled. The County Tax Board consists of five members appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the State Senate. The Tax Board Commissioners are appointed primarily to hear disputes involving assessments. Tax appeal hearings are conducted through the months of May and June. The hearings are typically scheduled during the daytime. The municipality is the opposing party and will be represented by the municipal attorney. The assessor or an appraiser may appear at your hearing as an expert witness.

View and download the Petition for Appeal form (PDF)

5. Is a Tax Appeal Hearing always necessary?

A hearing is always necessary. If the assessor, municipal attorney, and taxpayer agree to a settlement or the issues are otherwise resolved, it may not be necessary for you to attend your hearing, particularly if a settlement stipulation form is submitted to the Tax Board for their approval.

6. When are Tax Appeal Hearings held?

Tax appeal hearings are generally held after the April 1 annual deadline. Adjournments are generally denied. It is suggested that you make every attempt to attend your hearing. If you miss your hearing and have not received a written notice postponing your case, then you may assume that the case has been dismissed. If you do not attend your hearing the case will be dismissed, for "lack of prosecution".

7. What is good evidence to convince the Tax Board to reconsider an assessment?

You cannot appeal the taxes on your property since the taxes are the result of the local budget process. You must pay the collector all taxes and municipal charges up to and including the first quarter of the tax year. Remember, the burden is on you, the appellant, to prove that your assessment is unreasonable, excessive, or discriminatory. It is necessary for you to prove at the onset that your assessment is in error. It is also necessary for you to suggest a more appropriate value.

The taxpayer must be persuasive and present credible evidence. Credible evidence is evidence supported by fact, not assumptions or beliefs. Photographs of both the subject property (the property subject to the appeal) and comparables are useful in illustrating your argument. Factual evidence concerning special circumstances is necessary. For example, if the property cannot be further developed for some reason, evidence to that effect must be provided.

The most credible evidence is recent comparable sales of other properties of a similar type in your neighborhood. Remember, if you are going to discuss comparable sales a listing of 3 to 5 sales must be attached to your appeal at the time of filing. Your assessor must receive copies of your comparables at least 7 days in advance of your hearing in order for them to be discussed. All sales of all properties are available for your review at the County Tax Board. Comparable means that most of the characteristics of your property and the neighboring sale are similar. You should be knowledgeable of the conditions of the sales you cite including financing, and be able to give a full description of the properties. Some of the characteristics that would make a property comparable are recent sales price (preceding October 1 pre-tax year), similar square footage of living area measured from the exterior, similar lot size or acreage, proximity to your property, the same zoning use (e.g. duplex in a duplex zone) and similar and style structure.

8. If I recently bought my property, how is this purchase considered?

An assessment is an opinion of value. Uniformity of treatment dictates that adjustments not be made simply due to a recent sales price. For various other reasons the subject's sales price may not necessarily be either conclusive evidence of the property's true market value, or binding upon the Tax Board. An examination of the circumstances surrounding a sale is always important.

9. Will the appeal be private?

No. All meetings of the Board of Taxation are public meetings.

10. Are there special rules for commercial properties?

Yes. Owners of rental income properties must supply an income statement at the time of filing on special forms provided by the Tax Board. Since the income generated by a property has a direct bearing on the owners ability to market the property, and therefore its value, this evidence may be useful on arguing both sides of an appeal.

11. Who is an expert witness?

Besides your municipal assessor, anyone whose occupation is a real estate appraiser, and whose designation as such is from a legitimate association of professionals, is considered an expert. An expert's qualifications may be challenged by the municipal attorney at the hearing.

In addition, if you intend to rely on expert testimony at your hearing, you must supply one copy of an appraisal report to the assessor, and one copy for every member of the County Tax Board and Tax Administrator at least 7 days in advance of the scheduled hearing. The appraiser who completed the report must be available at the hearing to give testimony and to afford the municipality an opportunity to cross-examine the witness.

12. May I further appeal the judgment of the Tax Board if I am still dissatisfied?

If you are dissatisfied with the judgment rendered by the Tax Board, you will have 45 days from the date your judgment was mailed to file a further appeal with the Tax Court of New Jersey. If your property is assessed for more than $1,000,000 you may file directly with the Tax Court, by April 1st annually.

In summary, a taxpayer filing an appeal should consider the following questions:

• What was the market value of my property on the preceding assessment date of October 1?
• Can I support my conclusion of market value with credible evidence?
• Is my property assessed in excess of its market value if a reassessment/revaluation was implemented in the current tax year? If a revaluation/reassessment was not implemented, does my assessment exceed market value or does the ratio of my property assessment to its market value exceed the upper limit of the common level range?

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West Nile Virus

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1. What Is West Nile Virus?

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus which can cause West Nile encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). Although this virus is commonly found in Africa, West Asia and the Middle East, it is believed that the virus appeared in the eastern United States sometime in the summer of 1999. It is closely related to the St. Louis encephalitis virus commonly found in the southeastern and mid-western U.S., and only rarely in the northeast.

Prior to August of 1999, WNV had never been reported in the U.S. In 1999, 62 cases of the severe disease occurred in the New York City area, resulting in 7 deaths.

Because of this recent outbreak, public health and mosquito control professionals have heightened surveillance efforts to determine the most effective methods of mosquito control.

2. How Is West Nile Virus (WNV) Transmitted?

WNV is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, primarily a species called 'Culex pipiens'. This type of mosquito is most often found in urban and suburban communities, and is commonly referred to as the 'northern house mosquito.'

West Nile Virus appears to circulate in wild bird populations.

When a mosquito feeds on an infected bird, it becomes capable of transmitting the WNV to humans and animals while biting to take its next blood meal.

The virus is injected into the host, where it may then multiply and cause illness. Infected mosquitoes were the cause of the recent outbreak in the New York City area.

WNV is not transmitted from person-to-person, nor is there evidence indicating transmission from an infected bird to humans.

3. What Happens if a Person Is Infected?

The virus has an incubation period of 5 to 15 days. Most infections are mild and can result in flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache and body aches. Swollen lymph glands may also develop, and in approximately one-half of the cases, a skin rash may occur, spreading from the trunk of the body to the extremities and the head. A more severe infection can be marked by high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, tremor, muscle weakness, and rarely, death. The virus interferes with normal central nervous system functioning and causes inflammation and swelling of the brain tissue.

Anyone residing in an area where the virus has been identified is at risk of getting an infection. Those older than 50 years of age have the highest risk for severe disease. The case-fatality rate is highest in the elderly or those with compromised immune systems.

There is no specific treatment for WNV, nor is there a vaccine. In severe cases, intensive supportive therapy is needed, including hospitalization, intravenous fluids and nutrition, airway management, prevention of secondary infections and good nursing care.

4. What About Other Animals?

It appears that most birds do not normally show signs of infection with WNV. They do however, serve as natural reservoirs of the virus, and can pass the virus to feeding mosquitoes. During the New York area outbreak however, there was a large die-off of American crows. This was seen in many counties in New Jersey, and as far west as Hunterdon County, where two infected crows were identified. Other species of birds, including red tail hawks and blue jays, have been reported to show signs of Illness ranging from encephalitis to death.

Domestic animals such as dogs and cats do not appear to be at special risk of infection however, the virus was isolated from one feral cat in Union County, NJ. It is possible that pets could become infected by eating dead infected birds, but this is still unproven. Infected animals should receive standard veterinary care. Full recovery from the infection is likely.

Data suggest that while horses are susceptible to WNV, most will recover from the infection. However, federal investigations determined that WNV was responsible for several deaths of horses on Long Island in 1999. Horses become infected in the same way humans do, from the bite of an infected mosquito. There is no evidence of 'horse-to-horse' or 'horse-to-person' transmission of the WNV. Vaccines for other types of equine encephalitis are most likely not effective against WNV.

5. How Can Residents Protect Themselves?

• Reduce mosquito breeding areas on and around your property.
• Stay indoors at dawn, dusk and early evenings
• Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants whenever you are outdoors
• Apply insect repellent containing 20 percent to 30 percent DEET to exposed skin or clothing. DEET has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes. Do not apply to children under 3 years of age, and do not apply to hands or face of children. Read and follow directions carefully.

Most importantly, it is essential that all homeowners take action to reduce mosquito breeding areas on private property. Effective mosquito control - on a county-wide basis - depends on each resident doing his or her part.

Mosquito breeding around the home can be greatly reduced by following a few simple guidelines. Note that mosquitoes will lay eggs in any container holding water rich in decomposing material (like leaves, grass clippings, etc.) Review this list often!

• Dispose of / remove old cans, buckets, flower pots or other containers that may collect water
• Dispose of old discarded tires - these can produce thousands of mosquitoes in just one season
• Clean out leaves from clogged roof gutters and drains
• Eliminate water collecting in pool and boat covers
• Turn over wheelbarrows and wading pools when not in use
• Do not allow water to stagnate in birdbaths
• Drain standing puddles, ditches, tree holes or tree stumps

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Woodland Conservation Plan

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1. What is Woodland Conservation?

Woodland conservation means the retention of priority woodland areas for the benefit of the community. Priority woodlands are those tree stands identified through a planning process to have special qualities warranting preservation. For example, unusual or old-growth stands, habitats for rare or endangered plants or animals, or aquifer recharge areas may warrant special attention and priority protection. Each community must go through a planning process to determine what resources they would like to see protected.

2. Why Woodland Conservation?

Between 1972 and 1995, Hunterdon County lost 20% of its upland forests. This does not even include any forested wetlands. Trees - especially contiguous woodlands, serve the critical public and environmental needs, including stormwater management, erosion control, groundwater recharge and threatened and endangered species habitat. They reduce noise pollution, filter water, conserve energy, and provide aesthetic value. Trees and woodlands can be a financial benefit to communities, landowners, and builders alike, creating a win-win situation for everyone.